SMITH, MANNING A., vide: VERNON C. APPLEGATE. SMITH, OLIVER H., and JOHN VAN OOSTEN. 1940. Tagging experiments with lake trout, whitefish, and other species of fish from Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 69:63-84. Analysis of data on recoveries of 388 or 13.4 percent of 2,902 fish (nearly half of them lake trout) tagged at Port Washington, Wis., to establish patterns of movement of lake trout, whitefish, lake herring, yellow perch, rainbow trout, lake sturgeon, and other species. Recaptures of lake trout were at first local but within 3 years were fairly well scattered throughout the Lake. Movements of other fishes varied from species to species. Data are included on the growth of tagged lake trout, rainbow trout, whitefish, and sturgeon. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1954. Method of producing plastic impressions of fish scales without using heat. Progr. Fish-Cult. 16(2):75-78. Principal features of the roller-press described are: large, 3-inch rollers that apply the pressure over a relatively wide area; micrometer adjustment for the control of the spacing between rollers; reduction gear to permit slow passage of the plastic strip between the rollers. Detailed instructions are given for the use of the equipment. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1956a. Life history of lake herring of Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 57:87-138. A general inquiry including data on: production and commercial importance; size, age, and growth; year-class strength; length-weight relation; distribution and movements; and sex ratio, maturity, fecundity, and spawning season and grounds. Discusses in detail the problem of "growth compensation" and the biasing effects of selective fishing on samples of the stock. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1956b. Research vessel Cisco operations in 1955. Com. Fish. Rev. 18(5):21-23. Brief statement of the research program in northern Lake Michigan on the abundance, distribution, and natural history of chubs, and on the limnology (hydrography, plankton, bottom organisms). SMITH, STANFORD H. 1957a. Evolution and distribution of th coregonids. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can 14(4):599-604. Theory of evolution and dispersa is based on hypothesis that Coregonu originated in northwestern Eurasia Prosopium and Stenodus in Siberia an northwestern America, and Leucichthy in northeastern America. Variabilit and plasticity of forms are greatest i and near regions of origin. Specie near the extremity of the range of i genus are fewer and more stable. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1957b. Limnological surveys of the Grea Lakes--early and recent. Trans. Amer Fish. Soc. 86:409-418. Reviews first the early explorations and casual observations and the initia limnological studies--useful but scat. tered and small-scale. The most effec. tive surveys have been possible through interagency cooperation, which permits a pooling of facilities, staff, and equipment. Expansion of limnological research on the Great Lakes has beer rapid in late years, and the outlook for the future is good. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1960. Great Lakes research. Wis. Conserv Bull. 25(2):18, 19, 22, 23. Broad comments on the futility of attempting to understand the Great Lakes, their fish stocks, and the environment without properly designed and equipped research vessels are followed by details on the two largest research vessels of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on the Great Lakes, the Cisco and the Siscowet. Information is given on size, accommodations, navigational equipment, fishing gear, and scientific equipment. Past, present, and planned programs for the vessels are reviewed. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1962a. Lake Erie or Lake Eerie? Izaak Walton Mag. 27(4):4-5. The normal process of aging has been accelerated in Lake Erie through eutrophication from the enormous and growing inflow of sewage and organic waste. Conditions are aggravated by additions of toxic substances, siltation, and other factors. Water quality has deteriorated past the danger point. Adverse physical and chemical changes have modified the biota; more valuable fish species have become scarce, and less desirable ones are more plentiful. SMITH, STANFORD H. con Limnol. 1962b. Temperature correction in ductivity measurements. Oceanogr. 7(3):330-334. The usual methods of converting conductance measurements to a given temperature have not yielded uniformly accurate results because the coefficient varies according to concentration and kind of electrolytes, temperature at measurement, and temperature to which adjustment is made. Precision requires determination of temperature coefficients for each water studied. Principles involved are illustrated by data from seven natural waters. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1964a. Status of the deepwater cisco population of Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 93(2):155-163. Long-term trends in the population of ciscoes or chubs (Leucichthys [Coregonus] spp.) are reviewed, and detailed attention is given to the systematic sampling of 1930-32, 1954-55, and 1960-61. The trend toward increasing dominance by the bloater (hoyi), which started with the destruction of lake trout by the sea lamprey in the 1940's, carried the percentage of that species in gill net samples from 31.0 in the 1930's to 76.1 in the 1950's, to 93.6 percent in 1960-61. Abundance of other chubs has been sharply reduced, and two species (johannae and nigripinnis) may be extinct. SMITH, STANFORD H. 1964b. The taxonomic status of Leucichthys macropterus, a cisco of Lake Erie. Copeia 1964(1):230. A reexamination of the type specimen proved that L. macropterus was in fact a shallow-water cisco (L. artedii) with abnormally long fins. The count of 30 gill rakers on the first arch, given in the original description, was based on a poorly excised arch. The same arch on the other (left) side had 47 rakers. The long fins did not offer a sound diagnostic character as fish with excessively long fins, though rare, are by no means unknown among coregonids. Of 241 yellow perch, 2.5 to 8.5 inches long, 170 had stomachs containing food. Immature insects (tendipedid larvae and pupae; mayfly nymphs) were important for fish of all sizes and made up 26 percent of the volume. Cladocerans ranked second (22 percent of the volume). Other foods of consequence were Gammarus, snails, fingernail clams, and copepods (the last especially in fish 2.5-2.9 inches long). Fish (alewives) were eaten by only 11 perch, but perch longer than those in sample are known to feed heavily on fish. THOMAS, PAUL M., vide: JOHN H. HOWELL. TIDD, WILBUR M., vide: STILLMAN WRIGHT. VAN METER, HARRY D. 1960. The yellow perch of Lake Erie. Ohio Conserv. Bull. 24(11):22-23. Popular account that reviews briefly past records of commercial production, comments on the growing importance attitudes of State legislatures. (Article based on talk given over NBC network.) VAN OOSTEN, JOHN. 1936d. Net selectivity on the Great Lakes. Gold Medal Netting News 10 (July 1936): 2-3. Continuation of article in May 1936 issue of same journal, introducing data on relation of mesh size to: catches of small trout and chubs in gill nets in Lake Michigan; release of undersized fish from shallow trap nets in Lake Erie; and release of small whitefish from deep trap nets in Lakes Huron and Michigan. VAN OOSTEN, JOHN. 1936e. The mortality of fish in Lake Erie. Great Lakes Fisherman 1(3):2, 10; 1(4):2-3; also in Pa. Bd. Fish. Comm., Combined Bien. Rep., 1938:92-100. Analysis of the species composition of fish found dead on beaches of the south shore of Lake Erie and a consideration of the several factors that may have contributed to the mortality. Destruction of undersized fish in the sorting of the catch of commercial gears and the dumping of legal-sized fish in poor condition are suggested as the most important factors. VAN OOSTEN, JOHN. 1937a. Artificial propagation of commercial fish of the Great Lakes. Trans. 2d N. Amer. Wildl. Conf.: 605-612. [Reprinted with slight changes of title and text in the Progr. Fish-Cult., Memo. I-131, No. 28, 1937, p. 8-15.] General discussion of the subject, with emphasis on the facts that correlations have not been found between fry plantings and the later take of fish and that fish-culturists have underestimated the effectiveness of natural reproduction and also have failed to consider the true loss of eggs to the Lake (killing of green fish, inefficient stripping ...) attendant on artificial propagation. VAN OOSTEN, JOHN. 1937b. Doom of the Great Lakes fisheries. Amer. Forests 43(3):103-105, 144-145. A plea for central control of the Great Lakes fisheries, held essential to bring about the restrictions on fishing intensity necessary to put an end to the progressive depletion of the stocks of fish. |