teresting memento " of the churchwarden's office which he gave to the Vestry, viz., a circular snuff-box in common horn, to which was added silver ornaments and cases by the office-bearers." The total weight of this box is 56 oz. 6 dwts. Surely Westminster is honouring itself by honouring this old worthy. W. E. HARLAND-OXLEY. Westminster. WILLIAM BLAKE.-At 8 S. xi. 303 (17 April, 1897) I wrote about the illustrations to the book called Salzmann's Gymnastics -illustrations which, I contended, were not by Blake (see also 9 S. i. 454). I can now supplement my notes by adding that the illustrations to the English edition of the "Gymnastics' (1800) are more or less copies of those in the original German edition. The costumes are changed from the German to the then English dress. As to the attribution of 'Gymnastics to Salzmann, I may refer to DR. THOMAS WINDSOR'S note (10 S. ii. 383), in which he clearly shows that the book is by Guts Muths, the attribution of the book, by the English translator, to Salzmann being entirely wrong. If your learned contributor MR. W. P. COURTNEY in his lately published book on the anonyma of English literature had been in want of matter, instead of having to reject wholesale, this attribution of Guts Muths's book to Salzmann would have been one of the most curious mistakes -on which to comment. RALPH THOMAS. FUNERAL REFRESHMENTS AT GIGGLES WICK. As it is the office of N. & Q.' to preserve records of old customs, the following from The Church Family Newspaper of 26 February, concerning funeral baked meats," as Shakespeare calls them, may prove interesting : : 66 "Funeral Cold Meats.-Another curious custom at the burying of a well-to-do parishioner was wont to be observed. Giggleswick was a large parish about 20,000 acres before the partition; hence the friends of the deceased coming from a distance would need some refreshment, which was dispensed at the inn abutting the churchyard, the rule being that for one hour after the finishing bell the mourners would call for anything to eat or to drink at the expense of the relatives of the deceased. There was no idea of a 'wake' about this refreshment. Further, this inn has a door leading directly out of the churchyard into the public-house; in fact, the porch over this door is built positively on churchyard property, and was primarily made for the convenience of churchwardens when they went to diligently see that all the parishioners duly resorted to their church upon all Sundays and Holy Days,' as Canon XC. phrases it." Giggleswick, it may be observed, is a large parish in Yorkshire, near. Settle, with a population of 938, noted for its school, over which Paley's father presided for the long period of fifty-four years, dying in 1799. The church is dedicated to St. Alkelda, to whom, with the Virgin, Middleham Church is dedicated. There was in former years at the end of the north aisle of the latter church a representation of St. Alkelda's martyrdom by strangulation. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. THE WISDOM OF THE PRUDENT: SPEED ON RAILWAYS.-Very delightful is the following passage, which I have found in 'The Jubilee Memorial of the Railway System,' p. 66 :— "Nicholas Wood, who was all along in the van of railway progress, and who could see further ahead than most men, declared, It is far from my wish to promulgate to the world that the of the enthusiastic specialist will be realised, ridiculous expectations, or rather professions, and that we shall see them travelling at the rate of twelve, sixteen, eighteen or twenty miles an hour. Nothing could do more harm towards their adoption or general improvement than the promulgation of such nonsense. What would Mr. Nicholas Wood think of railway speed in these days, and of the "trains run wild," as some one has called them, which have brought horror to our streets and highways? ST. SWITHIN. "BLAZERS."-I do not remember to have seen the origin of this now common word, and it may be well to put it on record. 66 In the late sixties, when flannel coats of club colours first began to be used, the coat adopted for Magdalen College, Oxford, both for the eight and the eleven,' This was scarlet, trimmed with blue silk. naturally created some sensation for its conspicuous colour, and was visible half way up the High Street. I think it was a Balliol man who first called these the Magdalen blazers"; but the name had just at Oxford, come into vogue when I was and has since been extended to colour coats of all kinds, however sombre their hue. JOHN MURRAY. 50, Albemarle Street, W. 66 [PROF. SKEAT and D. both stated in N. & Q.' in 1887 (7 S. iii. 436) that "blazer " arose from the bright red jackets of the boat club of St. John's College, Cambridge, which were known as "Johnian blazers."] local place-names books in the His brother was Nathan Weat Fellow and Master of Univers Oxford, who was also Prebenda minster 1775, and Dean of He GEORGE WEA to 1807. THE CARTER OF YORK.—In is referred to as I observe that in the course o position carter is made to rime wi we are vndone for ever Yf the gospell abroade be spr For then with in a whyle after. Every plowe manne and carter Shall se what a lyfe we have Now because Bunyan rimed daughter, Mr. Kington Oliphant the fact as evidence that the tinker would speak of his dafter Sources of Standard English,' 1st e Prof. Earle, more cautious, had a "Does John Bunyan pronounced 'dafter,' or is the rhyme arter' and 'da Despondency, good man, is coming And so is also Much-afraid, his daug work in any book I have consulted. Per-The Philology of the English Tongue,' 4t haps some correspondent can direct my attention to an account of him. I can find no reference to the artist or his I should suppose there can be that after was arter Rede in be nott Wrothe,' and I think it probably intended to be so pron ST. SV Bunyan's lines. "BEAT ON, PROUD BILLOWS."-W the poem beginning Bodley Head, Vigo Street, W. PLACE-NAMES: BOOKS ON THEIR ETYMOLOGY.-Being much interested in the names of places, I should like to know whether there are now published any books Beat on, proud billows; Boreas, b similar to Canon Isaac Taylor's (which I Swell, curled waves, high as Jove understand are now obsolete, vide COL. In 'The New Foundling Hospital PRIDEAUX), Mr. C. Blackie's Dictionary of a new edition, 1786, iv. 40, it is Place-Names,' and Mr. F. Edmunds's His-Stanzas by Lord Capel; written tory in the Names of Places.' The latter was a prisoner in the Tower durin two may be also obsolete, as they have been well's usurpation.' published some years, and Edmunds is out of print. Is there any recent book of a similar character as to the Celtic or British origin of place-names? Is Mr. Johnston's PlaceNames of Scotland,' 1892, to be relied upon? I have seen Mr. Duignan's book on Staffordshire place-names; and there are several In Elegant Extracts in Poetry' Book IV. No. 119 of "Songs, Ballad P. 928, it is called 'Loyalty Confin a note says: "This excellent old song is preserved Lloyd's Memoires of those that suffere cause of Charles I.' He speaks of it as position of a worthy personage, who deeply in those times, and was still living with no other reward than the conscience of having suffered. The author's name he has not mentioned; but if tradition may be credited, this song was written by Sir R. L'Estrange.' 66 houses which belong by appearance to the seventeenth century. It would be interesting to learn if this surmise of mine is correct, At the same time I should like to hear why If the author was now living' after the road was named Cambridge Heath. "those times," he was not Lord Capel. The other query refers to an old block The stanzas are in different order in the two of buildings in the Kingsland Road a few books to which I refer. The New Found-yards trom Shoreditch. Has Bernales anything in common with the Bernals, a family with Hebrew connexions, in a former generation of which Bernal Osborne, M.P., was the most distinguished member? 6 ling Hospital for Wit' gives as a supplement the stanza 66 When once my prince affliction hath, &c., it being one which "is not in all copies," and I destroys the uniformity of the poem." There are several verbal differences in the two versions. Some of the lines have a strong likeness That which the world miscalls a jail, M. L. R. BRESLAR. 11, George Street, Sheffield. BRIEFS FOR GREEK CHRISTIANS.-In a list of briefs preserved in an old parish book occur :— "1630. One granted under the privy seale to Pancrati Gramatic., a Grecian whose goods were taken away by the Tartars, and his sonne taken captive." "1632. One granted to Chariton Salibar, Archbp. and metropolit. of Dirrachium in Epirus, spoyled by the Turks of his goods, for the ransom whereof he was to pay 10,000 ducats.” Can any of your readers throw light on the history of these personages, and why they were allowed to appeal to the generosity of English Churchpeople? J. H. C. 66 E. F. B. M. ROBERT KITCHEN, son of Robert Kitchen of Norton, co. Durham, was elected from Westminster to Trin. Coll., Camb., in 1747. Particulars of his career and the date of his death are desired. G. F. R. B. RICHARD STEWARD (1593 ?-1651), DEAN DESIGNATE OF WESTMINSTER.-I should be glad to know what authority there is for the statement in 'Dict. Nat. Biog.,' liv. 258, that Steward was educated at Westminster School. G. F. R. B. CAMBRIDGE HEATH: BERNALES BUILDINGS.-In the stretch of road running from Mile End Gate to Mare Street, Hackney, there are to be seen several old pentroof DICKENS'S AUTOMATON DANCERS.". An imbecile party of automaton dancers, waltzing in and out at folding doors (Dombey & Son,' chap. xxiii.). What does Dickens mean by these? Puppets of some kind, no doubt. Yet how could puppets waltz in and out of folding doors? There were little and big shows sixty years ago handled by strings, went through all sorts where puppets, dangling from and of performances, but these could not of themselves have gone in and out at folding doors. 66 So what were Dickens's automaton dancers"? THOS. RATCLIFFE. Worksop. TURTON.-Information wanted as to the parentage of Lora or Laura Turton, who married about 1760 Nathaniel Gordon of Kennyhill, of the Whitehill branch of the 290 NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 S. XI. in 1805. Where could I see the marriage? C. W. RUST Stanwix, Carlisle. Gordons of Lochinvar and Kenmure. Both Their eldest son, John Sewell Kennyhill and Whitehill are now absorbed in the Barony Parish, Glasgow. The former property was sold early in the nineteenth century by Nathaniel Gordon's only son John Gordon.. Laura Turton is said to have been of a Staffordshire family, but may have been of some other branch. I have her portrait in an eighteenth-century dress. Are there any Turton pedigrees? (Mrs.) E. M. FULLARTON. Dane Cottage, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts. ROMAN LEGIONS: THEIR BADGES.-Can any of your readers kindly say what the respective badges of the Sixth and Ninth Legions, or of the cohorts of those legions, were, and where pictures of such badges can be seen? Authorities will oblige. DUMAS AND SHAKESPEARE. of Porthos' (Dumas) occurs passage: that danger and I are two lions "As our old Armorican song ha hour, but I am the elder and the m 1. What song is referred to 2. Has a similar source b for Shakespeare's parallel pa Cæsar,' II. ii. 44–7) ? Danger knows That Cæsar is more dangerous We are two lions littered in o And I the elder and more ter EDW. Rotherham. for recusants to be married b RECUSANTS' MARRIAGES.-W priest, and afterwards accord Church of England service? or proceed in Elizabethan times? 18, Harrington Court, S. W. (M ASPIRINE.-Why is a certain medicine, much come into no so named ? The dictionaries d the word. A. SMYTHE ST. SIDWELL.-I cannot trace in Butler's Lives of the Saints a real saint? is he known by and or is Butler's book deficient in th JOHN W. STAN Broadway, Ilminster. "SCROYLES was used by S and Ben Jonson as a term of scrofula, king's evil. Is scroyle derived by Johnson from O.F. in English in this sense? ETON COLLEGE NAMES.-I am impression that a list has been of all the names cut in the Great Schoolroom) at Eton College tha cipherable. Am I right or wrong former, where may the list be obta D Replies. 66 MARYLEBONE": PREPOSITIONS IN PLACE-NAMES. (10 S. xi. 201, 270.) PROF. SKEAT in his very interesting note on the preposition le in English place-names treats the name Marylebone as a certain and ancient instance of its use. He says:"We know, historically, that bone has been substituted for bourne ; and accordingly the church of St. Mary-le-bone is explained, in the Curiosities of London,' by J. Timbs, at p. 183, as meaning St. Mary-at-the-Bourne,' i.e., St. Mary's near the Brook; and this is correct." Plausible as this derivation is, it cannot be looked upon as historically proved. The etymology assumed by Timbs was suggested by Lysons (Environs of London,' iii. 242), who under the heading 'Marybone' says :— "The name of this place was anciently called Tiburn, from its situation near a small bourn, or rivulet, formerly called Aye-brook, or Eyebrook, and now Tybourn-brook. When the site of the church was altered to another spot near the same brook, it was called, I imagine, St. Mary at the bourn, now corrupted to St. Mary le bone, or Marybone." The facts, so far as I have been able to ascertain them, are as follows. There was a Domesday manor called Tiburn, and the manor, church, and vill seem always to have been called by this name for several centuries, the church being stated by Newcourt in his Repertorium, i. 695 (on what authority I know not), to have been dedicated to St. John. In the year 1400 Bishop Braybroke granted a licence to the inhabitants of the parochial church of Tyborne, in consequence of the church being in a desolate place near the public street and subject to robberies, to transfer the church ad et in locum ubi de licentia nostra nova capella infra fines et limites dicte parochie iam edificata existit." I have not met with any other name than Tyburn for the manor until the year 1461. In the Inquisitiones Post Mortem, in that year, the manor is referred to as "Tyburne alias vocata Maribon'e (Chancery I.P.M., 1 Edward IV., No. 46), and for some time the manor is in formal documents referred to by this double description, or as "Maribone" alone after 1634 the name Tyburn disappears. In common parlance, however, the use of the name Tyburn, as equivalent to Marybone," seems to have dropped out earlier, and to have been restricted either to the gallows itself, or to its immediate neighbourhood; and from the beginning 66 : of the sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth the district and park are commonly referred to as Maribone or "Marybone." Now as to the exact form of the word. In the instance above quoted from the Inquisitiones Post Mortem in 1461 it is impossible to say, after a careful examination of the MS., whether the last letter but one is a u or an n; but there is a mark over it indicating the suppression of the following letter, probably an n. It may therefore be read as either 66 Mariboune or "Maribonne," and as this is perhaps the first instance of the occurrence of the name, the form is important. : I have found the word spelt in the following ways up to the end of the eighteenth century, the dates after each form indicating the first and last instances of its occurrence, and the figures in parentheses the number of times the word occurs in the books, maps, and documents I have consulted :Mariboune or Maribonne, 1461 (1). Marybourne, 1491–2—1565–6 (5). Maryborne, 1489-90-1539 (4). Mariborne, 1526-7 (1). Maryborn, 1528-32 (3). Maribourne, 1533 (1). Marybone, 1538-1794 (28). Marrybone, 1539-1682 (2). Marybound, 1540-41 (1). Maribone, 1550-1690 (14). Marebone, 1562-3-93 (2). Marybon, 1565-6-1700 (2). Maryboorne, 1566 (1). Maryboune, 1575 (1). Maribon, 1575—1611 (2). Marribon, 1611 (1). Marbone, 1625 (1). Marrowbone (Marrow-bone), 1668-1714 (3). Marylebone (Mary le bone, Mary-le-bone), 1689 1796 (8). St. St. Mary le Bone (St. Mary-le-Bone, St. Maryle bone), 1694-1794-5 (13). Mary-la-bonne (St. Mary la Bonne), 1708*— 1794 (4). Mary le bon, 1730 (1). Further research might of course disturb this order. It will be seen from the above list that the particle le does not occur until 1689, and that the commonest form until its appearance is Marybone or Maribone. Since the close of the eighteenth century the form Marylebone has virtually supplanted all others. I do not find the prefix "Saint before 1694, though the expression "the Blessed Mary of Marybourne" occurs in 1511. *The form St. Mary-la-bonne in 1708 is not a genuine instance, being merely proposed by Newcourt as the probable origin of the name. |