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ready been distributed to Inspection Branch field offices for use in training technical personnel. Courses in group communications and professional inspection techniques have been given to key inspection personnel, and more are planned. The Training and Recruiting Unit has recruited a number of new Federal inspectors from 18 agricultural universities. These new employees will be given a preplanned, concentrated training course, during their year of employment, in the form of classroom training and closely supervised on-the-job training. Those showing satisfactory performance will, at the end of their first year's training, be transferred to different areas so as to obtain a wide experience base in working at terminal markets and at interior points and working with the different grains. These second-year trainees will attend grading schools taught by the Board of Appeals and Review. During their second year, these trainees will be given additional responsibility and work under somewhat less stringent supervision. Successful participants will, at the end of their second year, be promoted to the journeyman inspector level. They will receive more training by the Board of Appeals and Review in the analysis and grading of grains. They will be constantly scrutinized for their potential as supervisors and managers. Those showing this potential will be given selected training and understudy assignments to prepare them for roles as supervisors and managers. This program of recruiting and training will be repeated yearly until sufficient trained manpower are available to the Division. This program is especially essential for the pending replacement of retirees. We estimate that, in the ensuing 5 to 10 years. about 75 percent of our current supervisory force will retire. Before the establishment of a Training and Recruiting Unit, there were no organized training and recruiting activities in the Grain Division.

2C. Personnel were shifted from areas of declining inspections as marketing structures of grain changed. As exports expanded, personnel were transferred into those markets with expanding workloads. These employees were utilized to perform supervisions and appeals at export locations. In addition to the physical relocation of some employees, the tours of duty have been changed from the standard Monday through Friday 8 to 5 workweek, to provide more flexibility in the use of personnel. The more flexible tours allow for possible around-theclock supervision with available Federal personnel any day licensed personnel are performing inspection activities. The ability to utilize Federal personnel at times other than daylight hours has resulted in observing licensees in wrongdoing and making the licensees more aware that supervision may be performed at any time.

Question 3. For fiscal year 1976 and the 6 previous fiscal years. supply the following information:

(a) The amount of funds and the manpower requsted by the Chief of the Grain Inspection Branch to the Grain Division; (b) The amount of funds and manpower for the Grain Inspection Branch requested by the Director of the Grain Division to the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service:

(c) The amount of funds and manpower for the Grain Inspection Branch requested by the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service to the Secretary;

(d) The amount of funds and manpower requested for the Grain Inspection Branch by the Secretary to the Office of Management and Budget;

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(e) The amount of funds and manpower for the Grain Inspection Branch requested by the Administration in the annual budget request; and

(f) The amount of funds appropriated for the Grain Inspection Branch by the Congress.

Answer. See attached table.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE-U.S. GRAIN STANDARDS ACT APPROPRIATIONS AND REQUESTS FOR INCREASES BY FISCAL YEAR (SUPERVISION OF LICENSED INSPECTORS)

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1 Assumes Grain Inspection branch and Grain Division increase request to be equal.

2 Variation in actual man-years due to cross utilization in the supervision, appeals and trust fund programs. 3 Reduction due to Public Law 90-487 which amended the U.S. Grain Standards Act. The amendment provided for appeal inspections to be funded from fees rather than this appropriation.

Question 4. What system of work measurement do you use in determining your manpower needs for grain inspection?

Answer. The system of work measurement used in determining Grain Division manpower needs is a system designed using a combination of computer derived coefficients-measurements-time studies, professional estimates and a projection of the amount of work. The Individual performance items considered include the number of licensed inspectors, inspection points, commodity contract or cooperator time requiring supervision, number, type and quantity of inspections performed under the U.S. Grain Standards Act. Description items include such things as the area covered by a field office, travel necessary, overtime being used, seasonality, quality and types of grain being handled. Factors such as strikes, changes in freight rates as well as other factors causing changes in movement of grain, and quantity of production are also considered. Limitations such as quantity of funds, employee ceilings, requests received for licenses and those received for designated inspection points and agencies must also be considered.

Question 5. List by year the number of grain supervision inspections over the last 10 years.

Answer. The number of grain supervision inspections performed by USDA over the past 10 years are as follows:

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Question 6. You stated that if you doubled the number of Federal supervisory personnel you could not prevent wrongdoing. Since it is obvious that doubling the number of Federal supervisory personnel would enable them to better supervise the licensed inspectors, why did you make this statement?

Answer. To assure complete elimination of wrongdoing would require practically one Federal supervisor for every licensee and sampler, because of the very nature of the work and the worksites. Doubling the Federal work force would prevent a higher percentage, but certainly not all, wrongdoing-and at great additional expense.

Question 7. How many Federal supervisory personnel would it take to adequately supervise the licensed inspectors? Be precise.

Answer. Under the current Federal-State private system now in effect. adequate supervision of licensed samplers and technicians and the official inspection agencies who employ these licensees would be greatly expanded. We interpret the term "adequate supervision" to mean sufficient supervision to make it very difficult for licensees to engage in wrongdoing. Quite obviously, no amount of supervision will guarantee. complete elimination of malfeasance. Bearing this in mind and assum

ing the need for 100-percent supervision of export locations, our most recent assessment indicates we would need 185 additional Federal technical employees to adequately supervise export locations. In addition, approximately 100 Federal personnel would be needed to adequately supervise inspection at interior inspection points, assuming the need for random around-the-clock supervision, but not continuous supervision. Currently there are approximately 226 employees involved in supervision, and with the additions mentioned our staff would be 511 technical employees.

Question 8. What are the standards licensed grain inspectors must meet before being employed by an official inspection agency?

Answer. Official inspection agencies, not U.S.D.A., establishes the standards for employment of licensees (samplers, technicians, and inspectors). The licensees become licensed after employment by an official inspection agency, because one of the requirements for licensing under the U.S. Grain Standards Act is that an applicant for a license be employed by an official inspection agency.

Question 9. What examination do you now require of licensed grain inspectors?

Answer. Before initial issuance of an inspector's license, an applicant is required to satisfactorily pass (1) an eye examination (including a color vision test); (2) an examination on the act and regulations; (3) a practical examination to determine his technical competency; and (4) a written examination to determine his knowledge of the grade standards. After licensing each inspector is required to satisfactorily pass a triennial reexamination consisting of a written examination on the act and regulations, and, if necessary, a practical examination to determine his technical competency. (Example copies of such examination follow :)

GRAIN INSPECTOR'S EXAMINATION

Item 2-Wheat.
No.

Place of examination_.
Date

. Time started

Time finished

The following questions and/or problems refer to grain inspected under the Official Grain Standards of the United States. Answers may be continued on the reverse, if additional space is required.

1. Define wheat.

2. Name the classes of wheat.

3. Including sample grade, how many grades are established for wheat?

4. Name the subclasses for two classes of wheat commonly marketed in your trade area, and define them.

5. (a) Define dockage for wheat.

(b) How is dockage shown in a certificate?

6. State what percentage of buckwheat or similar seeds in Spring wheat and chess in Soft Red or Hard Red Winter wheat is permitted before special sieving or handling is required in the determination of dockage.

Buckwheat in Spring wheat ------%.
Chess in Soft Red or Hard Winter Wheat

7. Name the special grades for wheat.

8. (a) Define the special grade "Tough" Wheat.

(b) Define the special grade "Weevily" wheat.

---%.

(c) Define the special grade "Smutty wheat." (1) "Smutty" (2) "Light Smutty."

9. Describe three types of damaged wheat kernels.

10. Name the two principal types of damage found in the area in which you expect to grade wheat.

11. Define: (a) heat-damaged kernels.

(b) damaged kernels (total).

12. (a) Define foreign material.

(b) Define defects (total).

13. Give the approximate number of grams of wheat that should be used in the determination of;

(a) Dockage__

(e) Foreign material___

(b) Total damaged---
(d) Class and subclass_

14. Dockage was determined on a sample of wheat weighing 1014 grams. The dockage removed weighed 35 grams. What is the percentage of dockage? (Show all figures made in this calculation.)

15. Give the percentage of foreign material other than dockage in a sample of the following description. (Show all figures made in this calculation.)

Total weight of sample, 60 grams.
Total weight of rye, 2.6 grams.
Total weight of cockle, 0.5 grams.
Total weight of vetch, 0.3 grams.

Total weight of barley, 1.4 grams.

16. An analysis was made on 53 grams of wheat for total damage and heat damage. The total damaged kernels weighed 2.5 grams which included 0.4 grams of heat damaged kernels. What is the per cent of total damage and heat damage present? (Show all figures made in this calculation.)

NOTE TO APPLICANT: Hand in answers to previous questions. Applicant may then use standards book or inspection manual for questions 17-20.

Write the complete grade for each problem below, exactly as it should appear on a grain inspection certificate.

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