or separate from one another—that is to say, our understanding can only hold the ideal abstraction or nominal independence of any of the said entities; we cannot truly comprehend a real being which could be cause without effect, nor mental subject without material object, or vice versa, comprehending, of course, in this concept of universal dependence the mechanism of life. as well as that of the whole cosmos. For this reason the traditional truth of Christian revelation of the separate existence of God, soul, and body is and always will be a complete mystery, inexplicable by words and impenetrable to the intelligence. The problems belonging to this transcendental Trinity are beyond the limits of Physiology; they belong to Metaphysics.

Physiological explanations can never pass from the numerical equivalence of correlation between antecedents and consequents, but this is not to assert that we find tenable the pretended scepticism of those who affirm that there is a complete mental satisfaction of causality by determining in numbers the relations of cosmic effects. Perhaps this may satisfy some minds, but it cannot satisfy minds privileged with such intellectual development as to be able to reach the contemplating concept of a Supreme Cause, although this may be only admitted and recognized by the attributions and relations of the created, principally by the organic and psychic activities which are multiplied and developed in the universe. No substantial predicate nor relation in space and time can be referred to the Creator, as we cannot have any concept of perfection more than the material and the mental; God is inconceivable as He cannot be either the one or the other, and at the same time must contain the capacity for both. To the

Supreme Intelligence, as to any human intelligence different from our own mind, we cannot make reference more than in its activity, and this is revealed to us by the government of the whole universal system through organic generation.

SUMMARY OF DEFINITIONS.

A. DEFINITIONS REFERRING TO THE 66 INTRO-
DUCTION."

Subject in Philosophy (Physiology and Metaphysics) means the knowing principle-ego, mind, or spirit—that is, the abstract idea of that which perceives sensation and elaborate thought. Subjective or mental activity is known only by self consciousness, which perceives differences of qualities, and not by the senses, as it cannot be submitted to experimental proof.

Object in Philosophy (Physiology and Metaphysics) is the opposite term to mental subject, and therefore means all sensual things together-non ego, matter, or nature, that is, the abstract idea of that which is known by experimental data. Objective or material activity is known by extrinsic propagations from which the mind can only perceive differences of quantity.

Sensations may be grouped under two headings— subjective and objective sensations. Subjective sensations are referred to the intrinsic states of the mind— intuitions, which may be either emotional or instinctive.

Objective or proper sensations are referred to the extrinsic states of the material things which propagate their activity or movement to the mind, and are acquired

by means of the special senses. These special or objective sensations we divide into two kinds-immediate and mediate.

Immediate objective sensations are touch of pression, taste, and smell, which, in order to be produced, need the direct contact of ponderable matter with the senses, it being worthy of notice that solids are the best to determine the sensation of pression, liquids of taste, and gases of smell.

Mediate objective sensations are thermic touch, hearing and sight, which are regularly produced by objects separated from the senses, to which movement is then propagated by means of imponderable matter progene.

or

Physiology in its original and etymological meaning is the science of nature, matter, or object, and its first data are the special sensations which constitute our experience or sensual observation. This is the sense in which we employ the term Physiology, which we divide into Abstract and Concrete, subdividing Abstract Physiology into General and Special.

General Physiology concerns itself with the abstract study of nature, that is, with the Physiological Theory of Cosmos, which does not treat in particular of the knowledge of every physical or physiological change.

B. CONCEPT OF MATTER.

Conceptual elements are the abstract terms which represent the ultimate analytical notions of things, namely, substance, activity, space, and time.

Material substance is the conceptual term used to represent the ultimate abstraction of all the names of

real objects, that is to say, the nominal concept common to all things perceived by the senses with the elision of their activity, space, and time.

Material activity (abstract movement) is the conceptual term used to represent the ultimate abstraction of all attributive predicates which are applied to real objects, that is to say, the predicative concept of all things perceived by the senses, with the elision of substance, space, and time.

Space is the conceptual term used to represent the ultimate abstraction of all relative predicates regarding the extension of real objects and their distances, elision being made of substance, activity, and time.

Time is the conceptual term used to represent the ultimate abstraction of all relative predicates regarding the duration of objective changes, elision being made of substance, activity, and space.

Extension is not an absolute property of matter, but a quantitative determination of the space occupied by bodies according to the relative movement of their constituent elements.

Impenetrability is not a property of matter; on the contrary, it is practically impossible to reduce bodies to their minimum extension, and we do not know even theoretically what could be the limit of penetrability of bodies.

Essence of matter or qualitative nature of objects is always the same throughout the world, as objective sensation results from propagation of movement, and this can only differ in quantitative relations—those of space and time.

Force is not an abstract or causing agent, but simply the measure of material activity-movement.