༠ ས 、 ν བདུན་ W: dum, C: dbum 85 W: gyad, C: gya ge careful not to mispronounce C:gyä° g€ cac7x = ཝ 9 བརྒྱད་ 10 ༡༠ བཅུ་ w, or བཅུ་ཐམ་པ་ cu-fam-pa 12 ༡༢ བཅུ་གཉིས་ àw-ií, vulg: čug-i(s) 14 13 ༡༣ བཅུ་གསུམ་ cu-8úm, vulg: čug-súnm རྦ ču 16 ༡༤ བཅུ་དྲུག་ êu-/ig, C: -dhig 17 ༡༧ བཅུ་བདུན་ w-din, C: -di/m, vulg: ?ub-d° 18 ༡༨ བཙོ་བརྒྱད་ ༦-༡vúd, C: -9y@', vulg: êob-g° 19 ༡༤ བནྱི་དགུ་ ༩༦-༡% 20 ༣ ཉི་ཤུ 21 ༢༡ ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ it-èu-8a-cig, or ཉེར་གཅིག་ fier 30 ༣༠ སུམ་ཅུ་ sdm-cu ༣༡ སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ sum-cat-8@-č་g, སོ་གཅིག་ so-cig 40 ༤༠ བཞི་བཅུ་ 2-པེw, vulg: žu0-eau 41 ༤༡ བཞི་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ ži-cu-8@-tig, ཞེ་གཅིག་ 2e-cig ལྔ་བཅུ་ ia-eu, vulg: iab-ču 50 51 ༣༡ ལྔ་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ ia-cu-sa-cig, ང་གཅིག་ iu-༠ig 60 ༅༅ དྲུག་ཅུ་ dug-cw, C: dug-eu 61 ༅ དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ !ug-eu-sa-ctig, རེ་གཅིག་ re-eig བདུན་ཅུ་ duu-cu, C: dayB-eu 70༡。 71 ?༡ བདུན་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་duw-eu-sa-cig, དོན་གཅིག་༠80 ༨ བརྒྱད་ཅུ་ 99dd-cw, C: 99@ -eu dig 81 ༨༡ བརྒྱད་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་yud-cu-8a-cig, གྱ་གཅིག་༩ 9༠ ༤༠ དགུ་བཅུ་ yཝཾ-cu, vulg: gúb-eu 91 ༩༡ དགུ་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ yu-ttu-sa-cig, གོ་གཅིག་ ༡༠ ༢'g 100 ༡༠ བརྒྱ་(ཐམ་པ་)9y@(táma-p«) 101 (C: go-cig) su)C?g ༡༠༡ བརྒྱ་དང་གཅིག་ or བརྒྱ་རྩ་གཅིག་ ༡༡༩,༩a (or 200 ༢༠༠ ཉི་བརྒྱ་ ii-gya, vulg: ཨེib-yy@ There are, as in Sanscrit, names jor many more powers of 10, but they are seldom used. 19. Ordinals. W: dan-po, C: d°,the first, the rest གཉིས་པ་, are simply formed by adding to the cardinals, as: 3⁄4"4", the second etc.; the 21. is oneth', not, as in English, ,the twenty first'. the twenty 20. Remarks. 1. The smaller number postponed indi cates, as is seen in § 18, addition, the reverse multipli cation: བཅུ་གསུམ་13, སུམ་ཅུ་ 30; but in the latter case ཆིག་, ཉི་, སུམ་; the three first numerals are changed to and, as the second part of a compound after conso nants, is spelled g. 2. The words (after full tens up to one hundred), (after hundreds and thousands*)), ཕྲག་ is used especially if the number counting the hundreds, (with still greater numbers), are optional but frequent additions. is common instead of 55°‚and', to connect units with tens (s. § 18), but it occurs also with hundreds and thousands, and not seldom together with 55, e.g. དང་རྩ་གཉིས་, 1002. It is used also instead of ཐམ་པ་, as: ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ བཅུ་རྩ་ ten, 3⁄4¶5′′ twenty; often it is standing alone for ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་, as: རྩ་གཉིས་, twenty two. This latter custom may have caused the belief, common even among educated readers in C and WT, that ♬ must mean twenty, even when connecting a hundred or thousand to a unit, as they will usually understand the above mentioned number in the sense of 1022 instead of 1002; but the authority of printed books, wherever the exact number can be verified from other circumstances, does not confirm this, which would indeed be a sadly ambiguous phraseology. 3. added to a cardinal number means conjunction:, the two together, both;, the three together, all three etc. Z means either the same, or represents the definite article, indicating that the number has been already mentioned, e.g. མི་ལྔ་ ་ ་ ་ བཏང་ངོ་ ། ་ །མི་ལྔ་པོ་བསླེབ་སྟེ་’', five men were ། sent... The five men arriving etc. 4. is used, besides thousands etc. follows: thus, སྟོང་ཕྲག་ཉི་ཤུ 90 000: ཁྲི་ཕྲག་དུ་མ་ ,many ten-thousands'. ,of thousands: twenty, forming Ordinals, to express the notion of,containing', e. g. ཡི་ 54′, that containing six letters, viz. the famous formala: ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པ་དྨེ་ཧཱུྃ་ ou maà padme hum; སུམ་ཅུ་པ་, that containing thirty (letters)', the Tibetan alphabet. 5. Such combinations as གཉིས་གསུམ་ etc. are frequently used in common life, so denote a number approximately, ,two or three or so' (cf. § 14 Note). 21. Distributive numerals. They are expressed by repetition as in Hind: 55 each time six, six for each etc. In composed numerals only the last member is repeated, དྲུག་དྲུག་ thus སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་གཉིས་ each time thirty two. 22. Adverbial numerals. 1. Firstly, secondly etc. are formed from the ordinals as every Adverb is from an Adjective, viz. by adding the letter, haras གཉིས་པར་ etc. (s. § 41). 2. Multiplicative adverbs,,once',,twice' etc., are expressed by putting times before the cardinal: ལན་གཅིག་, ལན་གཉིས་, W: lam-etg, lan-ii(s), C: l@m-eug, län-ñi ,once, twice‘ etc.; seldom ཚེར་, ཚར་, ཐེངས་ with the same meaning as ལན་. 23. Fractional numerals are formed by adding part": thus, བརྒྱའི་ཆ་ ,a hundredth part‘ etc., but also: བང་མཛོད་ གསུམ་ཆ་ཞིག་ ,one third of the treasury'. Jaschke, Tibetan Grammar. 3 |