habeant liberam warennam1 in omnibus dominicis terris suis de Morker, Somerwith, Aldeburgh, Sleningford, et Sutton, in comitatu Eboracensi, dumtamen terræ illæ non sint infra metas forestæ nostræ. Ita quod nullus intret terras illas ad fugandum in eis, vel ad aliquid capiendum quod ad warennam pertineat, sine licentia et voluntate ipsorum abbatis et conventus, vel successorum suorum, super forisfacturam nostram decem librarum. Quare volumus, &c. Hiis testibus, venerabilibus patribus R. Bathon' et Well' et W. Norwic. episcopis; Henrico de Lacy, comite Lincolniæ, Johanne de Vescy, Roberto Tibbotot, Hugone filio Octonis, Roberto filio Johannis, Ricardo de bosco, Petro de Huntynfelde, et aliis. Data per manum nostram, apud Dunelm', decimo octavo die Septembris, anno regni nostri octavo.3

10 b.

XIII.-CARTA EJUSDEM, DE WARENNA IN BALDERBY, THORPUNDERWOD, KYLNESAY, BORDELAY, ET BRADELEY.

Edwardus, Dei gratia, &c., ut supra proxima. Sciatis nos concessisse, et hac carta nostra confirmasse, dilecto nobis in Christo abbati de Fontibus, quod ipse et successores sui, imperpetuum, habeant liberam warennam in omnibus dominicis terris suis de Balderby, Marton-super-moram, Thorp-sub-bosco, Kylnesey-inCraven, Bordelay-in-Craven, et Bradlay, in comitatu Ébor., dumIta quod

tamen terræ illæ non sint infra metas forestæ nostræ.

(1) "There be both beasts and fowls of the warren. Beasts-as hares, conies, and roes, called in records capreoli.-Hill. 13 Edw. III., coram Rege in Thesaur. Fowls of two sorts, viz., terrestres and aquatiles. Terrestres of two sorts-silvestres and campestres. Campestres-as partridge, quail, rail, &c. Silvestres-as phesant, woodcock, &c. Aquatiles-as mallard, hern, &c.”—I. Inst., § 378.

(2) The penalty belonged to the king, but the plaintiff could recover damages. Stephen de Pencester impleads John de Swanton and eleven other persons for chasing hares and conies in his free-warren at Tonstall in Kent. They agree with him for one hundred shillings, and pay to the king 101.-Coram Rege, Hill. 15 Edw. I., rot. 31. In a case where the abbot of Peterborough impleaded Richard de Milton for chasing hares within his warren in that place, it was found by a jury that the defendant had taken two hares, and the damage was valued at sixpence. "Consideratum est quod prædictus abbas recuperet dictum dampnum versus prædictum Ricardum; et dominus rex habcat decem librarum de forisfactura, &c., secundum statutum."-Coram Rege, Trinit., 33 Edw. I., rot. 25.

It was enacted by the statute, De Malefactoribus, 21 Edw. I., that if any warrener find any trespassers wandering within his Liberty, intending to do damage therein, after hue and cry made to stand to the peace, but do continue their malice, and, disobeying the king's peace, do flee, or defend themselves with force and arms; although such warreners or any other coming in their company, and aiding them in the king's peace, do kill any offender or offenders being so found, either in arresting or taking them or any of them, they shall not be troubled upon the same before the king, nor shall lose for so doing either life or limb, or suffer any other punishment. (3) Enrolled, Rot. Chart., 8 Edw. I., n. 27.

(4) Free-warren in Thorp-underwood, near Green Hamerton, was granted previously to the abbot by King John.-Rot. Chart., 2 John, p. 1. m. 8.

nullus intret, &c., ut supra. His testibus, venerabilibus patribus R. Bathon' et Well', et A. Dunelm' episcopis; Johanne de Warenna, comite Surr', Humfrido de Boun comite Herford & Essex, Roger de Brabaszon, Waltero de Bellocampo, Ricardo de Brideshall, Ricardo de bosco, et aliis. Data per manum nostram, apud Berwik-super-Twedam, xvi die Octobris, anno regni nostri vicesFol. 11.

imo.1

XIV. [CARTA REGIS EDWARDI PRIMI, DE INSPECTIONE CARTÆ REGIS RICARDI PRIMI.] [Ex Rotul. Pat. 35 Edw. I., m. 16.]

Rex, omnibus ad quos, &c., salutem. Inspeximus cartam celebris memoriæ Ricardi quondam regis Angliæ, progenitoris nostri, in hæc verba ;

Ricardus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ, dux Normanniæ, Aquitaniæ, et comes Andegaviæ, archiepiscopis, &c., (ut antea. No. viii. p. 8.) Data apud Rupem Andeliaci, per manum magistri Rocel', tunc agentis vicem cancellarii, ix die Novembris, anno decimo regni

nostri.

Quam quidem cartam, propter rupturam sigilli eidem cartæ appositi, de verbo ad verbum duximus per præsentes exemplificandam. In cujus, &c. Teste rege apud Karliolum,3 duodecimo die Aprilis.

XV. [CARTA REGIS EDWARDI PRIMI, DE INSPECTIONE CARTÆ REGIS RICARDI PRIMI].-[Ex Rotul. Chart., 5 Edw. II., n. 21, per Inspex.]

Edwardus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ, &c., salutem. Inspeximus cartam celebris memoriæ domini Ricardi quondam regis Angliæ, progenitoris nostri, in hæc verba.

Ricardus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ, &c., salutem. Præcipimus quod monachi et fratres Abbatiæ nostræ de Fontibus, et equi et homines, et omnes res eorum sint quieti de theloneo, et

(1) Enrolled, Rot. Chart. 20 Edw. I., n. 6.

(2) Vide page 10, note 1 of this volume. The king's chancellor, William de Hamelton, who had been at the Parliament at Carlisle with abbot Bishopton, in the early part of this year, died at Fountains, a few days after this charter was sealed. Vide vol. i. p. 188. Besides these charters, king Edward I. inspected and confirmed to Fountains, on the 18th of March, 1300, the confirmatory grant of Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle and Devon and Lady of the Isle, of the vill of Stainburn, a moiety of the vill of Rigton, and a toft and an oxgang of land at Huby in Wharfdale.-Rot. Pat. 28 Edw. I., n. 24.—Abbrev. Rotul. Orig., vol. i. p. 110.

(3) The Statute of Carlisle, 35 Edw. I., is entered in the Register of Privileges of Fountains,

passagio, et stallagio, et pedagio, &c.—[Ut supra, No. ix. p. 11]. Teste, comite Willielmo de Mandevilla, xvo (sic) die Septembris, apud Gaitington.

Quam quidam cartam, propter rupturam sigilli eidem cartæ appositi, de verbo ad verbum duximus per præsentes exemplificandam. In cujus rei testimonium, has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud Karliolum, duodecimo die Aprilis, anno regni nostri tricesimo quinto.

XVI.-CARTA REGIS EDWARDI SECUNDI, DE LICENTIA ADQUIRENDI TERRAS ET TENEMENTA AD VALOREM VIGINTI LIBRARUM.

Edwardus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ, dominus Hiberniæ, et dux Aquitaniæ, omnibus ad quos præsentes literæ pervenerint, salutem. Sciatis quod, pro remissione quam dilecti nobis in Christo, abbas et conventus de Fontibus, nobis fecerunt, de quater viginti et sexdecim libris et viginti et uno denariis, in quibus eis pro bladis et aliis diversis victualibus,' ab ipsis ad opus nostrum emptis,

fol. 13 b., but unaccompanied by a mandate to the abbot, similar to the exemplar writ issued to the abbot of Waverley, directing him to cause it to be publicly read, twice in the year, in a full chapter of his house.-See the statute and writ, Rot. Parl., vol. i. p. 217.

(1) Among the Miscellaneous Rolls in Chancery is one-No. 168-which contains a curious account of the sums of money owing by king Edward II. to the Yorkshire monasteries, for cattle and corn supplied by them, in aid of the military expedition against the Scots, in the year 1310. It is entitled "Debita quæ debentur Viris Religiosis in comitatu Ebor., pro bladis, bobus, vaccis, et multonibus, domino Regi nunc mutuatis, anno regni sui quarto. De quibus promisit litteras suas obligatorias de solutione eisdem Religiosis facienda, ad festum Purificationis beatæ Mariæ proximo futurum, sicut patet per litteras suas de privato Sigillo quas dicti Religiosi habent de promisso." The debt to the abbot of St. Mary's, York, was entered first, but the sum is now illegible. Then that due "Abbati de Fontibus, pro xx quarteriis frumenti, prec. quarterii xs. Eidem abbati, pro xx quarteriis brasei ordii, prec. quart. vijs. Eidem abbati, pro xx quarteriis avenarum, prec. quart. iijs. Eidem abbati, pro xiiij bobus, xvi vaccis, prec. capitis xjs. Eidem abbati, pro c multonibus, prec. capitis xvijd. Summa denariorum xlvijli. xs." After this follow statements of a like nature with reference to the monasteries of Drax, Nostell, Rievaux, Byland, Kirkstall, Sawley, Pontefract, Jervaux, Selby, Newbrough, Coverham, Watton, Guisbrough, Wartre, Bridlington, Meux, Kirkham, Malton, Bolton, Whitby, and another place the name of which is illegible. The general prices were, for wheat, ten shillings per quarter; barley malt, eight shillings per quarter; beans and peas, six shillings per quarter; oxen, eight shillings a head; sheep, eighteenpence a head. The best oxen seem to have been furnished from the pastures of Fountains, Selby, and Jervaux, as they are valued at eleven shillings each. The worst sheep apparently were sent from Guisbrough, and were estimated to be worth only sixteenpence each. The beans and peas from Meux were of inferior quality and charged a shilling a quarter less than the

rest.

Annexed to the roll is a receipt from Ralph de Dalton, clerk, dated 30th October, 4 Edw. II., 1310, for twenty-four pairs of letters obligatory from the bishop of Worcester, the King's chancellor, to be delivered by him to certain religious men in Yorkshire, "qui diversa genera victualium quæ ad summam quadringentarum quater viginti et unius librarum et septem solidorum per diversas particulas appreciantur, ipsi domino regi mutuaverunt, in subsidium expeditionis guerræ suæ Scotia, quorum nomina in quodam rotulo præsenti billæ annexo plenius continentur"; which letters obligatory, the said Ralph promises, according to his bond, to return into Chancery,

tenebamur, ac per finem quadraginta librarum quem fecerunt nobiscum, quas quidem quadraginta libras solverunt in garderoba nostra,' concessimus et licentiam dedimus, pro nobis et hæredibus nostris, quantum in nobis est, eisdem abbati et conventui, quod ipsi terras et tenementa ad valorem viginti librarum annuarum, tam de feodo suo proprio quam alieno, exceptis terris et tenementis quæ de nobis tenentur in capite, adquirere possint. Habendum et tenendum sibi et successoribus suis imperpetuum, Statuto de terris et tenementis ad Manum mortuam non ponendis edito,2 non obstante, dumtamen per inquisitiones inde in forma debita faciendas, et in cancellaria nostra vel hæredum nostrorum rite retornandas, compertum sit quod id fieri poterit absque præjudicio nostro et alterius cujuscunque. In cujus rei testimonium, &c. Teste

wherever it may be, about the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Mary the Virgin next ensuing, or to the sheriff of the county.

As it appears from the Patent roll, 5 Edw. II., part 2, that the heads of several of the chief Yorkshire monasteries obtained licenses of mortmain, in the month of March in that year, in consideration of a fine and remission of the King's debt to them for provisions, it is probable that the privilege was conferred more for the sake of replenishing the King's exhausted exchequer than as an act of grace and favour to the monks, more particularly since, during his sojourn at York at this period, he resorted to the practice of raising money by granting charters which cost him nothing, and perhaps in many instances were not voluntarily sought, to municipal corporations. Thus, among other instances, on the 8th of March, in consideration of one hundred marks, the burgesses of Scarborough obtained from him a confirmation of their charters and a grant of kaiage. On the 12th of March, the burgesses of Ravensrode procured a similar concession on the payment of 501., and five days afterwards, the mayor and citizens of York had occasion to pay a fine of four hundred marks for the confirmation of their charters.

(1) "Abbas et conventus de Fontibus, pro quadraginta libris per quas finem fecerunt cum Rege, et pro remissione quam fecerunt dicto Regi de quaterviginti et sexdecim libris, viginti et uno denariis, in quibus Rex eis tenebatur pro bladis et aliis diversis victualibus, &c., habent licentiam adquirere, sibi et domui suæ, terras et tenementa ad valentiam viginti librarum annuarum, et confirmationem cartarum suarum.”—Originalia de anno 5 Edw. II., rotul. 22. The charters alluded to were, no doubt, those dated on the 24th of February, which follow in the text.

The acquittance for this fine is enrolled on Rot. Pat., 5 Edw. II., m. 1. Rex, omnibus ad quos &c. salutem. Sciatis quod dilectus nobis in Christo, Abbas de Fontibus, solvit nobis in Gardaroba nostra, vicesimo tertio die Februarii anno regni nostri quinto, apud Eboracum, dilecto clerico nostro Ingelardo de Warle, custodi ejusdem garderobæ, quadraginta libr., per quem finem fecit nobiscum pro licentia adquirendi, sibi et domui suæ prædictæ, terras et tenementa ad valorem viginti librarum annuarum, tam de feodo suo proprio quam alieno, de quibus quidem quadraginta libr., præfatum abbatem et successores suos, tenore præsentium, quietamus. In cujus &c. T. R. apud Ebor. xxv die Februarij.-Per billam de Garderoba.

(2) Stat. de Religiosis, 7 Edw. 1., st. 2. All the statutes of mortmain were based on Magna Charta, 9 Hen. III., cap. 36, where the prohibition was absolute; but the king subsequently licensed alienations, partly because it was assumed that there was an inherent power in the Crown to dispense with Acts of Parliament; and partly, perhaps, because the statutes gave him a right of entry in cases where the provisions were broken, and the lord of the fee neglected to enter. In the Ordinatio de Libertatibus perquirendis, 27 Edw. I., it was provided that men of religion that would amortize lands or tenements should have writs out of the Chancery to enquire upon the points accustomed in all things. And, by the 18th Edw. III., st. 3. c. 3., "If prelates, clerks beneficed, or religious people, which have purchased lands, and the same have put in mortmain, be impeached upon the same before our Justices, and they shew our charter of licence, and process thereupon be made by an inquest of ad quod damnum, or of our grace, or by fine, they shall be freely let in peace without being further impeached for the same purchase."

meipso, apud Eboracum, xxiijo die Februarii, anno regni nostri quinto.1

Fol. 8 b.

XVII.—[EDWARDUS SECUNDUS CONFIRMAT CARTAS DIVERSAS.] [Ex Rotul. Chart., 5 Edw. II., n. 21.]

Rex, archiepiscopis, &c., salutem. Inspeximus cartam quam dominus Henricus, quondam rex Angliæ, progenitor noster, fecit abbati et monachis de Fontibus in hæc verba: Henricus, rex Angl., et dux Normanniæ et Aquitaniæ, et comes Andegaviæ, &c.,2 salutem. Præcipio quod homines et equi, et omnes res abbatiæ de Fontibus et monachorum ibidem Deo servientium, sint quieti de theolonio. [Ut supra, No. vi. p. 6.]

Inspeximus etiam cartam confirmationis quam dominus Stephanus, quondam rex Angliæ, progenitor noster, fecit eisdem abbati et monachis, in hæc verba: Stephanus, rex Angl.—[Ut supra, No. ii. p. 2.]

Inspeximus etiam cartam confirmationis quam dominus Ricardus, quondam rex Angl., progenitor noster, fecit prædictis abbati et monachis in hæc verba. Richardus, Dei gratia, rex Angl., &c., salutem. Sciatis nos, pro anima patris nostri, et pro salute nostra, et matris nostræ, et fratris nostri Johannis, &c. -[ Ut supra, No. viii. p. 8.]

Inspeximus etiam cartam confirmationis quam dominus Johannes, quondam rex Angliæ, progenitor noster, fecit dictis abbati et monachis, in hæc verba. Johannes, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ, &c., salutem. Sciatis nos concessisse, et præsenti carta nostra confirmasse, Deo et ecclesiæ sanctæ Mariæ de Fontibus, &c. totam terram quam Willielmus de Stutevill eis dedit cum corpore suo, scilicet illam quam habuit in Kerkeby-Useburn, &c.-[ Ut infra, inter cartas de Kirkby-Useburn].

Inspeximus etiam cartam confirmationis quam dominus Henricus, quondam rex Angliæ, avus noster, fecit eisdem abbati et monachis, in hæc verba. Henricus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ, &c.,

(1) These Letters Patent were enrolled on the Patent Roll, 5 Edw. II., p, 2, m. 20, but, in the reign of Richard II. they were cancelled and crossed out, and opposite, in the margin of the roll, is written in a hand of that period, "Vacantur, quia restituti fuerunt, eo quod dominus rex Ricardus secundus, xiio die Junii, anno regni sui xvjo, concessit abbati et conventui prædictis quod ipsi certa terras et tenementa adquirere possint sibi et successoribus suis, in plenam satisfactionem summæ prædictæ. Et ideo istæ literæ cancellantur et dampnantur."

(2) Although the king is styled here Earl of Anjou, it appears from the recital of this charter, before that of king Stephen, that it was thus early ascribed to king Henry I.-an error which was repeated in several subsequent royal confirmations of the privileges of the abbey, including that of king James the First to Sir Stephen Proctor.