...in San Francisco was then named) (Bateson 1976: 1 19-129). The monkeys, according to Bateson, were "engaged in an interactive sequence of which the unit...were similar to but not the same as those of combat ... (Moreover) (i)t was evident, even to the human observer, that the sequence as a whole was not combat,...

...to a human observer, namely, Bateson at the zoo, it is clear, for example, that monkeys playing are "engaged in an interactive sequence of which the unit actions or signals [are] similar to but not the same as those of combat... that to the participant monkeys this [is] 'not...

...with play should be interpreted and understood. Bateson's formulation was inspired by a visit to the zoo: What I encountered at the zoo was a phenomenon...an interactive sequence of which the unit actions of signals were similar to but not the same as combat. It was evident, even to the human observer,...

...activity primarily related with fights into play, and from here goes on to his classic formulation: I saw two young monkeys playing, ie, engaged in an...were similar to but not the same as those of combat. . . . Now, this phenomenon, play, could only occur if the participant organisms were capable of some...

...as otters playing. The source of this confusion is this. In Bateson (1972: 179) we find: I saw two monkeys playing, ie, engaged in an interactive sequence...actions or signals were similar to but not the same as combat. (...) Now, this phenomenon, play, could only occur if the participant organisms were capable...

...hut I was still not aware that the animal data would require an ahnost total revision of my thinking. What I encountered at the zoo was a phenomenon well known to everyhody: I saw two young monkeys playing, Le. engaged in an interactive sequence of which the unit...