DA'LLIER. 8. (from dally.) A trifler; a fondler (Ascham).

DALLOP. s. A tuft, or clump (Tusser). To DALLY. v. n. (dollen, Dutch, to trifle.) 1. To trifle; to play the fool (Calamy). 2. To exchange caresses; to fondle (Shakspeare). 3. To sport; to play; to frolic (Shakspeare). 4. To delay (Wisdom).

To DA'LLY. v. a. To put off; to delay; to amuse till a proper opportunity (Knolles).

DALMATIA, a province of Europe, which is divided among the Venetians, Hungarians, Ragusans, and Turks. It has Bosnia on the N. the gulf of Venice on the S. Servia on the E. and Morlachia on the W.

DALMATICA, a garment with large open sleeves, worn originally by bishops,

DALRYMPLE (Sir David), a Scotch judge. He was born at Edinburgh in 1726 ilis father was anditor of the exchequer for Scotland, and his mother daughter of the earl of Haddington. He was educated at Eton, from whence he was sent to Utrecht, where he continued till 1746, and then returned to Edinburgh, and became an advocate. In 1766 he was appointed a judge, on which occasion he took the title of lord Hailes, according to the custom of the country. He died in 1792, leaving two daughters. Lord Hailes wrote and published a great number of books and tracts, as Memorials and Letters relating to the History of Britain in the Reign of James I. and Charles I. two vols. 1762, and 1766; Remarks on the History of Scotland, 1773, 12mo.; Annals of Scotland, 4to. 1779, two vols.; Remains of Christian Antiquity, 1778, three vols. ; several Memoirs, intended for a Biographia Scotica, &c.

Thongh the church of Scotland does not much encourage funeral discourses, a very landable endeavour was made to render the talents and virtues of lord Hailes a theme of instruction to mankind, in a sermon preached soon after his death in the church of Inveresk, by his learned friend, and venerable pastor, Dr. Carlyle; from which we shall transcribe a summary view of his character as a judge, a scholar, a Christian, and a citizen.

His knowledge of the laws was accurate and profound, and he applied it in judgment with the most scrupulous integrity. In his proceedings in the criminal court, the satisfaction he gave to the public could not be surpassed. ilis abhorrence of crimes, his tenderness for the criminals, his respect for the laws, and his reverential awe of the Omniscient Judge, inspired him on some occasions with a commanding sublimity of thought, and a feeling solem nity of expression, that made condemnation seem just as the doom of Providence to the criminals themselves, and raised a salutary horror of crimes in the breast of the audience.

"Conscious of the dignity and importance of the high office he held, he never departed from the decorum that becomes that reverend character; which indeed it cost him no effort to support, because he acted from principle and sentiment, both public and private. Affectionate to his family and relations, simple and

mild in his manners, pure and conscientious in his morals, enlightened and entertaining in his conversation; he left society only to regret, that, devoted as he was to more important employments, he had so little time to spare for intercourse with them.

· He was well known to be of high rank in the republic of letters, and his loss will be deeply felt through many of her departments. His labours in illustration of the history of his country, and many other works of profound erudition, remain as monuments of his accurate and faithful research for materials, and his sound judgment in the selection of them. Of his unfeigned piety and devotion, you have very often been witnesses where we now are. I must add, however, that his attendance on religious ordinances was not merely out of respect to the laws and for the sake of example (motives which should never fail to have influence on persons of superior rank, for the most obvious reasons), but from principle and conviction, and the most conscientious regard to his duty; for he not only practised all the virtues and charities in proof of his faith, but he demonstrated the sincerity of his zeal by the uncommon pains he took to illustrate primitive Christianity, and by his elaborate and able defences of it against its enemies.

"His profound researches into history, and his thorough knowledge of the laws, made him perfectly acquainted with the progress of the constitution of Britain, from the first dawn of liberty in the common law of the land, and the trial by jury which precede all written records, and afterwards in the origin and establishment of parliaments, through all its vicissitudes and dangers, till at last, by the blessing of divine Providence, which brought many wonderful events to concur to the same end, it was renewed, strengthened, and finally confirmed by the Revolution.

"It was this goodly and venerable fabric of the British constitution which the deceased most respectable character contemplated with admiration and delight (of late, indeed, with a mixture of anxiety and fear), as the temple of piety, as the genuine source of greater happiness and freedom, to a larger portion of mankind than ever flowed from any government upon earth.

I indeed can the times bear the loss of such an affectionate patriot and able guardian of the laws of his country. But we must not murmur at the will of Providence, which in its mercy, may have withdrawn the good man from the evil to come. In mercy, him, whose righteous spirit was so deeply grieved when he saw the wicked rage, and the people imagine a vain thing.'

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Such is the memorial which, in the hour of recent sorrow, followed this excellent man to the grave; and we believe it will yet be allow ed to be just by all who had the happiness of his lordship's acquaintance, and are what he was, friends to the best interests of mankind.

A large catalogue of the numerous and cus rious performances of lord Hailes is given

under the article Dalrymple, in the Supplement to the Encyclo. Britan.

DALTON, a town of Lancashire, with a market on Saturdays. Lat. 54. 14 N. Lon. 3. 18 W.

DALUS, in antiquity, a narrow slip of pasture, between two pieces of arable land.

DAM. s. (from dame, which anciently signified mother.) The mother (Ray). DAM. 8. (dam, Dutch.) A mole or bank to confine water (Mortimer).

To DAM. v. a. (demman, Saxon; dammen, Dutch.) To confine, or shut up, water by moles or dams (Otway).

DAMAGE. 8. (domage, French.) 1. Mischief; burt; detriment (Davies). 2. Loss; mischief suffered (Milton). 3. The value of mischief done (Clarendon). 4. Reparation of damage; retribution (Bacon). 5. (In law.) Any hurt or hinderance that a man taketh in his estate (Cowell).

To DAMAGE. v. a. To mischief; to injure; to impair; to hnrt; to harm (Addison).

To DAMAGE. v. n. To take damage. DA'MAGEABLE. a. (from damage.) 1. Susceptible of hurt: as, damageable goods. 2. Mischievous; pernicious (Govern. of Tongue.) DAMAN OF ISRAEL. In zoology. See DIPUS.

DAMAN, a maritime town of the East Indies, at the entrance of the gulf of Cambaya, It belongs to the Portuguese. Lat. 20. 20 N. Lon 72. 35 E.

DAMASCENE. (from Damascus.) A small black plum; a damson (Bacon).

DAMASCENUS (John), an illustrious father of the church in the eighth century, born at Damascus, where his father, though a Christian, enjoyed the office of counsellor of state to the Saracen caliph; to which the son succeeded. He retired afterwards to the monastery of St. Sabas, and spent the remainder of his life in writing books of divinity. His works have been often printed; but the Paris edition in 1712, two volumes folio, is esteemed the best.

DAMASCIUS, a celebrated heathen philosopher, born at Damascus in the year 510, when the Goths reigned in Italy. He wrote the Life of his master Isidorus; and dedicated it to Theodora, a very learned and philosophical lady, who had also been a pupil to Isidorus. In this Life, which was copiously written, he frequently made oblique attacks on the Christian religion. We have nothing remaining of it but some extracts preserved by Photius. Damascius succeeded Theon in the rhetorical school, and Isidorus in that of philosophy, at Athens.

DAMASCUS, now called SCHAM, a considerable town of Syria, in Asiatic Turkey. It is situated on a fertile plain, encompassed with hills, and finely watered by the river Barrady, anciently the Pharpbar, the stream of which flows through the city, and supplies the fountains, bagnios, and houses. The appearance of this city is inexpressibly beautiful at a little distance, but not altogether so fine within it,

though the mosques, and other public buildings are in general handsome. In Scham, a considerable silk manufactory is carried on, and several other articles are furnished by the luxuriancy of its neighbourhood. It is the see of an archbishop, and is inhabited by great numbers of Christians and Jews. Lat. 33, 45 N. Lon, 37. 0 E.

DAMASCUS STEEL, a very fine kind of steel, made in some parts of the Levant, and particularly at Damascus, remarkable for its excellent temper; and used chiefly in the making of sword-blades.

Some authors assure us it comes from the kingdom of Golconda in the East Indies; where the method of tempering with alum, which the Europeans have never been able to imitate, was first invented.

DAMASK, a silk stuff, with a raised pattern, so that the right side of the damask is that which has the flowers raised or saturated. Damasks should be of dressed silk, both in warp and woof; and in France, half an ell in breadth: they are made at Chalons, in Champagne, and in some places in Flanders, as at Tournay, &c. entirely of wool, three-eighths of an ell wide, and twenty ells long.

DAMASK is also a kind of wrought linen made in Flanders and in this country. It takes its name on account of its resemblance to damask. It is chiefly used for table linens.

To DAMASK. v. a. (from the noun.) 1. To form flowers upon stuffs. 2. To variegate; to diversify (Fenton). DAMASK ROSE. 8. A red rose (Bacon). See RoSA.

DAMASKEENING, or DAMASKING, the art or operation of beautifying iron, steel, &c. by making incisions in them, and filling them up with gold and silver wire; chiefly used for adorning sword-blades, guards, and gripes, locks of pistols, &c. Damaskeening partakes of the mosaic, of engraving, and of carving: like the mosaic, it has inlaid work; like engraving, it cuts the metal representing different figures; and, as in chasing, gold and silver are wrought in relievo. There are two ways of damasking: the one, which is the finest, is when the metal is cut deep with proper instruments, and inlaid with gold and silver wire; the other is superficial only.

DAMASO'NIUM, in botany, a genus of the class hexandria, order hexagynia. Spathe one-leaved, five-winged; calyx superior, threeparted; corol three-petalled; berry ten-celled, many-seeded. One species only; a native of India, with radical, heart-shaped, entire leaves, and a one-flowered scape.

DAMATRIUS, the Boeotian name for the Athenian month Pyanepsian.

DAMAUN, a seaport of the Deccan of Hindustan, at the entrance of the gulf of Cambay. It is subject to the Portuguese. Lat. 20. 20 N. Lon. 72. 25 E.

DAME. 8. (dame, French; dama, Spanish.) 1. A lady; the old title of honour to women. 2. Mistress of a low family (L'Estrange). 3. Woman in general (Shakspeare).

M. de Marca assures us, that the noblesse of Bern is still divided into three bodies, or classes; the barons, the cavers, and the damsels, domicellos, called in that country domengers. The kings of Denmark and Sweden have the same title, as appears from Pontanus's History of Denmark, lib. vii. and viii. and Henry of Upsal's History of Suec. lib. iii. From the sons of kings, the appellation passed to those of great lords and barons; and, at length, to those of gentlemen who were not yet knights, DAMSEL, at present, is applied to all maids or girls not yet married; provided they be not of the lowest class of people.

DAMSEL is sometimes also applied to a kind of utensil put in beds, to warm old men's feet. DAMSON, the fruit of the prunus damas cena, which, when perfectly ripe, affords a wholesome article for pies, tarts, &c. gently opening the body; but when damsons are not perfectly mature, they produce cholicky pains, diarrhea, and convulsions in children. See PRUNUS and CHRYSOPHYLLUM.

DAN (Tribe of), in ancient geography, lay S.W. of the tribe of Judah, between it and the Mediterranean, contiguous to that of Simeon. DAN. 8. (from dominus, Latin.) The old term of honour for men (Prior).

DANAE, in fabulous history, the daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos, by Eurydice. She was confined in a brazen tower by her father, who had been told by an oracle, that his daughter's son would put him to death. His endea vours to prevent Danae from becoming a mother proved fruitless; as Jupiter, who was enamoured of her, introduced himself to her bed, by changing himself into a golden shower. From his embraces Danae had a son, with whom she was exposed on the sea by her father. The wind drove the bark which carried her to the coasts of the island of Seriphus, where she was saved by some fishermen, and carried to Polydectes, king of the place, whose brother, called Dictys, educated the child called Perseus, and tenderly treated the mother. Polydectes fell in love with her; but as he was afraid of her son, he sent him to conquer the Gorgons. When Perseus had victoriously finished his expedition, he retired to Argos with Danae to the house of Acrisius, whom he inadvertently killed. Some suppose that it was Protus, the brother of Acrisius, who introduced himself to Danae in the brazen tower; and instead of a golden shower, it was main tained, that the keepers of Danae were bribed by the gold of her seducer.

DANAE, an ancient coin; somewhat more than an obolus.

DANÆA, in botany, a genus of the class cryptogamia, order filices. Fructification oblong-linear, transversely immersed in the frond, parallel, many-celled; cells in a double row, opening upwards; seeds numerous, very minute. Two species only; d. nodosa, and d.

alata.

DANAIDES, in fabulous history, the fifty daughters of Danaus, king of Argos. When their uncle Ægyptus came from Egypt with his

fifty sons, they were promised in marriage to their cousins; and before the celebration of their nuptials, Danaus, who had been informed by an oracle that he was to be killed by one of his sons-in-law, made his daughters solemnly promise that they would destroy their husbands. They were provided with daggers by their father, and all, except Hypermnestra, the wife of Lyncens, murdered their cousins the first night of their nuptials, and presented him with the heads of their husbands. Hypermnestra was summoned to appear before her father, but the unanimous voice of the people declared her innocent. The sisters, according to the more received opinion, were condemned in hell to fill with water a vessel full of holes, so that the water ran out as soon as poured into it, and therefore their labour was infinite, and their punishment eternal. Apollodorus has given a catalogue of the names of the Danaides, and their respective husbands.

DANAUS. See DANAIDES.

To DANCE. v. n. (danser, French.) To move in measure; to move with steps corre spondent to the sound of instruments (Shakspeare).

To DANCE ATTENDANCE. v. a. To wait withsuppleness and obsequiousness (Raleigh). To DANCE. v. a. To make to dance; to put into a lively motion (Bacon).

DANCE, or DANCING, as at present prac tised, may be defined, "an agreeable motion of the body, adjusted by art to the measures or tune of instruments, or of the voice." But, according to what some reckon more agreeable to the true genius of the art, dancing is "the art of expressing the sentiments of the mind, or the passions, by measured steps or bounds, that are made in cadence by regulated motions of the body, and by graceful gestures; all performed to correspond with certain musical sounds."

There is no account of the origin of the practice of dancing among mankind. It is found to exist among all nations whatever, even the most rude and barbarous; and, indeed, however much the assistance of art may be necessary to make any one perfect in the practice, the foundation must certainly lie in the mechanism of the human body itself.

The connection that there is between certain sounds and those motions of the human body called dancing, hath seldom been enquired into, though it is certainly a very curious spe culation. The power of certain sounds not only over the human species, but even over the inanimate creation, is indeed very surprising.

It is conjectured by very eminent philosophers, that all the sensations and passions to which we are subject, are intimately connected with the vibrations excited in the nerves of the human body. Hence, musical sounds have the greatest power over those people who are of a delicate sensible frame, and who have strong passions. If it be true, therefore, that every passion in the human breast in some measure depends upon a certain affection of the nervous system, or a certain electric vibration in the