of Yealmpton. They are late instances of church discipline, and the cause in one case seems apparent : "Memdum. Mary Vicary of the parish of Yealmpton was declared excommunicate Sep. 3, 1727." "Memdum. Mary ye wife of Richard Chissul, her former name Vicary, was restored to y° com'union of y° church Feb. 7, 1730." "Memdum William Smith of the parish of Yealmpton was declared excommunicate November 29, 1739." ARTHUR J. JEWERS F.S.A. highly educated, must be received with some Deeping Waterton Hall, Market Deeping. Will MR. DEES kindly give quotations from I am much obliged to PROF. SKEAT for his kind the Acts of Parliament prohibiting the eating of reminder of my omission. I have heard the word flesh in Lent, and state how long these Acts re-bussock used several times by my head gardener, mained in force? May I also venture to ask what who is a native of Suffolk, not far from Eye, but is the meaning of sect. 19, as quoted by Mr. DEES who has been in these parts for many years. EDMUND Waterton. from the Act 5 Eliz. c. 5, in these words: "No licence is to extend to the eating of beef at any time of the year," &c.? Does this mean that beef might be eaten at any time without a licence, even on fish-days, or does it prohibit the eating of beef altogether? Also, is there anything in the Acts of Parliament to compel or authorize butchers to take out a licence to sell meat during Lent, and then only to such persons as should have licences to eat it? I have seen several applications for such butchers' licences, of seventeenth century date, signed by the clergy and other persons of authority in the town or village where the butcher was living. E. The following are taken from the churchwardens' accounts of St. Michael, Coventry : "Couent. M. A license was granted by Mr. Samuel Bugge, Vicar of S. Michael's and Trinity in Coventry aforesaid, to Mrs. Christian Hales, of the parish of S. Michael aforesaid, to eat flesh (for the preservation and recouery of her health) for eight days after the date thereof, being dated Feb. 28, 1631." THE "CATHOLICON ANGLICUM” (6th S. v. 24, 74). In the churchwardens' accounts of Kirton-inLindsey, a transcript of which, made by myself, is now before me, the following passage occurs under the year 1630: "To a poore widow, vppon Trenitie sunday, that had a woulfe on her arme, xviijd." This "6 Woulfe" was, I presume, a cancer. I have never heard the word used in that sense by the Lindsey people of the present day. Bottesford Manor, Brigg. EDWARD PEACOCK. DIDO (6th S. v. 88).—By a lapsus calami, which was, I feel sure, too obvious to bring upon me much castigation, in referring to Virgil's anachronism about Dido and Æneas, I inverted the right order, as, of course, the most probable date of the foundation of Carthage was two or three centuries after the most probable date of the Trojan war, so that if Eneas ever was really in Africa it was long before the birth of the hapless Elissa. I cannot help suspecting that the name Dido, like that of King David, is connected with the Hebrew -love. Indeed, if Lemprière's account of the Phoenicians giving her that name at her death, from her devotion to the memory of Sichæus, is The vestry records of the ancient church of St. founded upon a tradition with any truth in it, Helen's, Bishopsgate, inform us that Sir Thomas they were surely far more likely to call her Gresham paid the parish, for the poor's box, 6s. 8d." loving" or "loved" woman than "valiant." for a licence to eat flesh in 1575. "February 3, 1636. Md. This day Rowland Wilson, gent., did put into the poore's box vi viij. for his lycense to eat flesh on days by law prohibited. "The same day John Wightwicke, Esq., did likewise put into the poore's box vj. viijd. for his like lycense." JOHN ASTLEY. 14, Red Lion Passage, W.C. JAMES H. FENNELL. “BUSSOCK" (6th S. v. 86, 117).—In recording peculiar words, it is, I think, not only desirable always to state where they are heard, but also, if possible, from what county the person who uses them comes. It is not in these days of locomotion enough to say, "I heard it in Surrey," when perhaps a little more trouble might lead to the further words, "but the speaker came from Yorkshire." May I suggest that perhaps the spelling of such local words, as gathered from persons not As to Stephens connecting it with a word signifying Blackheath. A TUDOR APPARENTLY UNKNOWN TO GENEALOGISTS (6th S. v. 85).-Queen Catherine, the wife of Owen Tudor, died in 1437, so that her acknowledged son Jasper, Duke of Bedford, must have been at least nineteen years of age at the death of his brother in 1456. I would suggest that this Jasper was the individual referred to by Prof. Thorold Rogers in the Cambridge accounts of 1449; and that consequently the obit of 1456 was for his elder brother Edmund, Earl of Richmond, who died in 1456, the name being wrongly stated. There was also a third son, called Owen, a monk at Westminster. Stephen Gardiner was born in 1483, so that his mother could not have been Queen Catherine's own daughter; she, the supposed mother, was rather daughter to the aforesaid Jasper, Duke of Bedford, which would show this most celebrated bishop to have been great-grandson to Owen Tudor, and second cousin to King Henry VIII. A. HALL. SURREY FOLK-LORE: CANDLEMAS DAY (6th S. v. 106) is more correctly given in rhyme :"As far as the Sun shines in on Candlemas day, So far will the snow blow in afore old May." Then again : "DANOTHY HALL" (6th S. v. 8).-The following evidence of a contemporary of Busby, who actually saw his body suspended from the gibbet, will, I feel sure, interest MR. Joy: "Along the banks of Swale are the very pleasant gardens of Sir William Robinson, lately Lord Mayor of York, but a few miles after a more doleful object of Mr. Busby hanging in chains, for the murder of his fatherin-law, Daniel Anty, formerly a Leeds clothier, who, having too little honesty to balance his skill in engraving, &c., was generally suspected for coining, and other indirect ways of attaining that estate which was the Occasion of his death, even within sight of his own house." -Diary of Ralph Thoresby, May 17, 1703, vol. i. p. 425. The letter n in "Anty," as above, is no doubt a typographical error for u. The locale of "Busby Stoop" is near to Sand Hutton, and I have little doubt that if the exact spot where it stood could be ascertained, the remains of the part inserted in the ground would be discovered on digging. There is not a particle visible above the surface of the soil. MR. Joy might also, if he has not done so, refer to Grainge's Vale of Mowbray. F. W. J. Bolton Percy. CHRISTMAS CARDS (6th S. v. 10) were first published and issued from Summerly's Home Treasury Office, 12, Old Bond Street, in the year 1846. The design was drawn by J. C. Horsley, R.A,, at the suggestion of Sir Henry Cole, K.C.B., and carried out by De La Rue & Co. WILLIAM PLATT. Callis Court, St. Peter's, Isle of Thanet. A MOTTO FOR A DRINKING CUP (6th S. v. F. G. 109).-"Drink deep or taste not." I beg to suggest to your correspondent the following Irish phrase, viz., "Gra-ma-chree ma cruiskin," which means, "My heart's love is my little cup." Should he prefer a shorter one, perhaps the Irish word "Slainte," which means "Your health," would suit his taste and his cup. K. J. Ballinrobe. "Vreyheit dogh met Vrees" (Flemish). I have two old glass goblets upon which this motto is engraved. I translate it, "With freedom yet with moderation." HENRY GODEFROI. GUERNSEY FOLK-LORE (6th S. iv. 535).-Having to the folk-lore of my native island, I can safely from my earliest youth had my attention directed say that the early chapters of Victor Hugo's Travailleurs de la Mer are not in any way to be relied on as giving anything like a correct view of the popular superstitions of Guernsey. Many of the lower classes, like those of all other parts of Europe, still believe in ghosts, haunted houses, witchcraft, omens, charms, &c.; but I can venture to say, without fear of contradiction, that no fisherman on our coast knows anything of St. Maclou in connexion with the remarkable mass of rock known by the name of "Ortach," or has ever heard of "le Roi des Auxcriniers"; nor could any of our peasantry tell what is meant by the word "marcou." As to the assertion that the last execution for witchcraft by burning took place in 1747, it is totally devoid of truth, nothing of the kind having occurred since the reign of James I. Considering that the talented author's residence in Guernsey extended over ten years, it is surprising how little he seems to know of the manners, customs, and mode of thought of the people among whom he dwelt. The specimens of the local dialect which he pretends to give here and there in his novel are almost as unintelligible to a native as if they were written in the Langue d'Oc. E. MCC-. Guernsey. BESSELS OF BESSELSLEIGH, CO. BERKS (6th S. iv. 537).-Mention of Bessels is made in the Berks Visitation for 1566. (See at Brit. Mus. Harleian MS. 1139, fol. 110.) Richard Fetiplace married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William Bessels, and thus came into the Bessels Leigh property in the reign of Henry VII. (See Clarke's Hundred of Wantage and the Visitation of Berks for 1566). The arms of Bessels are, argent, three torteaux 2 and 1. Lysons, in his History of Berks, p. 240, says :— this impost into Ireland was by the statutes 14 & 15 G. F. R. B. "WONDER" AS AN ADVERB (6th S. v. 9).— "Besils-Legh, in the Hundred of Hormer and Deanery of Abingdon, lies about five miles to the south-west of Oxford on the road to Faringdon. The manor belonged anciently to the family of Legh, from whom it passed by Are not these lines in Chaucer's Dream? a female heir to that of Besils. On the death of William According to the Visitation and Clarke it was HERMENTRUDE. In the ballad of the "Battle of Babrinnes » (Dalyell's Scotish Poems of the Sixteenth Century, Edin., 1801) occur the lines : "They war not manie men of weir, Aberdeen. NORVAL CLYNE. The following are instances of wonder used as an adverb in the sixteenth century : "These tidings liketh me wonder well, " Hyckescorner, Dodsley's Old E. Plays, vol. i. 'But, sirs, now I am nineteen winter old, The World and the Child, 1522, ibid., p. 248. "Wonder wide walketh my fame." Ibid., p. 252. For still earlier instances consult Dr. Stratmann's Dict. of Old English. Is it not probable that woundy very may be a corruption of this word used as an adverb? F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. Cardiff. HEARTH MONEY AND SMOKE-SILVER (2nd S. v. 172; 3rd S. i. 367, 420; 4th S. vi. 114, 476, 568, 581; vii. 112)-A list of allowances craved for hearth money for the king's castles, forts, &c., by the farmers of the Customs in the year 1676 is PUNISHMENT FOR HIGH TREASON, TEMP. given in the third volume of the Topographer and OLIVER CROMWELL (6th S. v. 9).-I beg to draw Genealogist, p. 141. To this list, which is taken ANON.'s attention to the following quotation from from one of the records of the Irish Exchequer, is Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, p. 73, vol. vi, added a very interesting note on the subject of Oxford, 1849, by which he will see that his sup"Hearth Money," by J. F. F. Part of this note position relative to Cromwell is not correct :I transcribe below, for the benefit of the readers of "N. & Q.": "So early as the Conquest mention is made in Domesday Book of Fumage (vulgarly called smoke-farthings), which was paid by custom to the King for every chimney in the house. It is stated by Mr. Howard, in his work on the Irish Exchequer, that the introduction of "For besides the two before mentioned (Sir H. Slingsby and Dr. Hewett) to whom they granted the favour to be beheaded, there were three others, Colonel Ashton, Stucey, and Betheley, who were condemned by the same Court, who were treated with more severity, and were hanged, drawn, and quartered with the utmost rigour in several great streets in the City to make the deeper impression upon the people. But all men appeared so nauseated with blood, and so tired with those abominable spectacles, that Cromwell thought it best to pardon the rest who were condemned." Vide also Guizot's Cromwell, p. 432; Whitelocke, p. 673; State Trials, vol. v.; Forster's Statesmen, vol. v.; Thurloe's State Papers, vol. vii.; Noble's Memoirs, vol. i.; and Godwin's History of the Commonwealth, vol. iv. HENRY G. HOPE. Freegrove Road, N. HAMLET MARSHALL, D.D. (6th S. i. 131, 184). -It appears from the episcopal registers at Worcester that a Hamlet Marshall, of the diocese of Lincoln, was ordained a deacon at Hartlebury, March 30, 1572. Hamlet seems to have been a baptismal name in the family of Rutter, of Evesham, in Elizabeth's reign, at which time there were Marshalls resident in that town. THOMAS P. WADLEY. Naunton Rectory, Pershore. CHISWICK, CHESHUNT, CHISHALL, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACE-NAMES (6th S. iv. 127, 356, 430). -I doubt whether MR. ARNOTT has improved upon the etymology of Chiswick, which in the reign of Henry III. is found written Chesewick. Had the name been derived from ceosel, ceosl (glarea, sabulum, arena), it would probably have corrupted to Chislwick or Chilwick. The derivation from cheese is confirmed by such names as Butterley, Butterwick, Butterworth, and the Scandinavian name Smerwick. If the name Chiswick was derived from Ches or Chis, said to be found in old documents, it might have been so called from a stream which fell into the Thames -a name which would square with the river Gesse, in Haute Garonne. When MR. ARNOTT speaks of the "Teutons" founding the wick called Chiswick, I suppose he means the Saxons." R. S. CHARNOCK. "Bosa" (3rd S. viii. 106, 148; 5th S. i. 389; ii. 53, 478; iii. 75, 114, 173, 257, 378; 6th S. v. 38).--I beg to thank LLANELLY for correcting the faulty reference to The Student given in Hotten's Slang Dictionary. It was, however, quite evident that the word bosh, as the equivalent of "nonsense" or "rubbish," could not have been in use in 1750, and then have remained unknown and unused, as it certainly did remain, until our own days. Neither could the word, in its present slang sense, have originated in the manner described in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, as quoted by LLANELLY; for, even if bad butter had been sent to London from the neighbourhood of Hertogenbosch, every one familiar with Dutch knows that sch at the end of a word is not sounded like English sh, nor indeed is it so sounded in any part of the Dutch language. The way to trace out the origin of a word is not to jingle together other words of similar sound, but to try and find out how and when it was first introduced. PROF. SKEAT says: "If etymologists will in future always abstain from history of the word, especially from a chronological suggestions till they can take the pains to work out the point of view, the study would no longer be a game of chance, but would become a science."-5th S. iii. 114. About the year 1828 Morier's Persian novels, especially Hajji Baba, gained a sudden popularity, hardly surpassed at a later period by the writings of Dickens, and the word bosh, as I well remember, was caught up and at once became popular, as did also other Persian words and several translated phrases, most of which are now forgotten. I drew attention to this fact as long ago as 1865 (3rd S. JAYDEE. viii. 145). THE "SEPULCHRE" IN CHURCHES (6th S. iv. 148, 333; v. 96).-Note that the brass to Dr. C. Urswick did not originally form a part of the sepulchre, which was prepared during that eminent churchman's lifetime. The effigy, which once adorned a stone lying on the pavement at the foot of the sepulchre in the old church of St. Augustine, was probably placed on the table of that elegant structure at the time when it was removed thence to the north vestibule of the modern church, viz., in 1797. The Rev. J. W. Kenworthy, late curate of Hackney, in his chapter on 61 The Tombs of the Ancient Church," appended to Mr. R. Simpson's privately printed Notices of the Parish Church of St. Augustine, afterwards St. John, at Hackney, 1879, p. 79, writes: "Rector Urswick's slab is still in situ at the end of the choir and against the north wall. The brass which once was sunk into the grey marble slab has left its sharp outline. This splendid slab, now in the dust and moss, was placed in 1521 at the foot of the Easter Sepulchre tomb, prepared in 1519." ACHE. HENRY HALLYWELL, MINISTER OF IFIELD, AND HENRY HALLYWELL, VICAR OF COWFOLD (6th S. iii. 324, 358, 436; iv. 377, 458; v. 96).Referring to MR. SAWYER'S reply (6th S. v. 96), I think there can be no doubt about there having been two Henry Hally wells, and that one succeeded the other at Ifield (6th S. iii. 325). And it appears to me almost equally certain that they were father and son. The first of the name was buried Feb. 14, 1666/7, and the second, in March, 1671/2, dates a letter from Ifield. In 1677 he is described as minister of Ifield, and, to settle the question, MR. SAWYER gives the date of his institution to the living March 1, 1666/7. H. FISHWICK. MAGGOTY JOHNSON, FIDDLER JOHNSON, AND LORD FLAME (6th S. iv. 513, 546).-This eccentric man was well known in Cheshire in his day. His remains were interred on a small hill surrounded with trees on the left hand of the road leading from Gawsworth Church to Macclesfield. The inscription on the stone is very much worn by visitors dancing on it, and is probably at this date obliterated. I copied it in 1853. He is thus alluded to in Barlow's Cheshire Historical Sketches, p. 103, 1855 :— "In the grounds near Gawsworth Hall is buried a man of the name of Samuel Johnson, but better known in his day as Lord Flame. His calling was that of a dancing master, to which he added those of jester, musician, poet, and player. He was a licensed visitor at all the houses in the neighbourhood, to whose amusement he no doubt often contributed. A play which he wrote, entitled Hurlothrumbo, had a lengthened run at one of the principal London theatres in the year 1722." The inscription runs as follows: "Under this stone rest the remains of Mr. Samuel Johnson, afterwards ennobled with the grander title of Lord Flame, who after having been in his life distinct from other men by the eccentricities of his genius, chose to retain the same character after his death, Stay, thou whom chance directs or ease persuades A wit, musician, poet, player, lies; A dancing master too, in grace he shone, In Comedy well skilled, he drew Lord Flame, Rock Mount, Peel, Isle of Man. [See "N. & Q.," 1st S. v. 596; 3rd S. i. 456; and the Catalogue of Satirical Prints in the British Museum, Nos. 1834, 1869, 1902.] "SATE" FOR "SAT" (6th S. iv. 190, 395, 477). -The following use of sate by Gray may be of interest to your correspondent JAYDEE: "The court was sate, the culprit there, Forth from their gloomy mansions creeping, The lady Janes and Joans repair, And from their gallery stand peeping." A Long Story, 11. 97-100. Dryden, in his poem Alexander's Feast, has in the first stanza, "The godlike hero sate," and "Sate like a blooming Eastern bride." This usage is not uncommon in Dryden's poetry. Cf. also R. Green, Menaphon, 1589, p. 22 (Arber's repr. 1880), "Post SECOND SIGHT: MRS. BOOTY'S TRIAL, 1687 (6th S. v. 105).-"Owd Boody and tha Devil" is a well-known tale. I have heard it told by farmers over their pipes fifty years ago. But as they used to tell it (and firmly believe it) "Owd Boody" was a villainous London baker, who used to grind men's bones up in his flour, and that was why the devil fetched him and drove him into the burning mountain. The belief that volcanoes were mouths of hell is very ancient, as will be seen from the following extracts. I am also under the impression that I have met with a similar account to "Old Booty" of a much earlier date, but at present cannot remember where : "That hylle mount Ethna_toward the southeest hath many chynnes and bolowe dennes or caues within the erthe full of brymstoone/ that receyueth moche wynde and engendred fyre and smoke. In that place ben seen dyuerse fygures and shapes and herde refull voys and gronynge. Therfore some men menen that soules ben there in payne/ as it semeth yt Saynt Gregorye maketh mynde in his dyalogye. ¶ Gir. in top."-Polycronicon, 1527, f. 31 verso. "Of the hill Hecla in the Ile of Ireland......the common people of that Countrey, beleeue the sayde place to bee a part of hell, because there are diuers apparations of ghostes, that shew themelues visible, and profer their seruice to men. They appeare for the most part in the killed or drowned: callyng men by their names, and forme of those, which by vyolent aduenture haue bene bidding them goe to the Mount Hecla. In the olde time the marriners termed these Goblines, Polantines: vpon what occasion I finde not written."-Batman vppon Bartholome, his booke De Proprietatibus Rerum, 1582, f. 205. Boston, Lincolnshire. R. R. "BELFRY" (6th S. v. 104).-I have only to say that I never imagined that the change of r into l in this word (which is, perhaps, the commonest of changes in all Aryan languages) originated in England. What I meant is that, whereas we had two possible forms in English, namely, berfrey and belfry, the supposed connexion with bells made the latter universal. A little research amongst Eng |