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lish authors would have been much more to the purpose. The usual M.E. form is certainly berfrey. WALTER W. SKEAT.

Cambridge.

With reference to DR. CHANCE'S note, I may, perhaps, be allowed to say that the meaning he attaches to Prof. Skeat's article on this word is not the one which occurred to my own mind. I think the professor's words fairly imply that "owing to a corruption" previously made in O.F. and L.L., from berfroi, berfredus into belfroi, belfredus, the English form belfrey (for berfrey) induced a very natural idea that the word had something to do with bells, and that, owing to this idea getting established, the term came to be restricted to a bell tower. At all events, there is nothing in the article to necessitate the conclusion that its author

imagined the change of r into to have "originated in England." Prof. Skeat will doubtless explain the matter for himself; I write this merely to show that to at least one of his readers the words do not seem necessarily to bear the sense imputed to them. C. S. JERRAM.

I have not yet seen Prof. Skeat's Dictionary. From the quotation given by your correspondent I have little doubt as to his being right concerning the derivation of belfry. It is hardly accurate, however, to say that the word is now only used for a tower for bells. In the local dialect of this part of Lincolnshire it is of common occurrence, meaning a shed made of wood and sticks, furze or straw, as distinguished from a similar building of stone or brick. A man said to me the other day, "Squire, you've got plenty o' sticks noo to mak two or three good belfries." In 1873 a complaint was made to me, as a justice of the peace, that the belfry of a certain person was in such a ruinous condition that it was liable to fall on passers-by. In the inventory of the goods of John Nevill, of Faldingworth, Lincolnshire, taken in 1590, "the belfrey with other wood" is valued at twenty shillings; and in the Scotter Manor Roll for the first year of Mary we are told that Richard Robinson, of Messingham, removed "ligna sua super le belfrey et jacent in communi via." I am informed that belfry is also used for a rick stand, when made of either wood or stone, but I do not call to mind ever having heard it in this sense. EDWARD PEACOCK.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

THE VICAR OF BADDOW (6th S. iv. 512; v. 117).—There have been many editions of De Foe's History of the Devil since the first of 1726, and the old ones have no author's name. The reference to the Vicar of Baddow appears in the English and Irish editions, but not in the Frankfort edition of 1733; the translator no doubt felt that this line would not convey anything to the German reader,

so he left it out. Little Baddow, in Essex, was both a rectory and a vicarage; the presentation to the former was vested in the lord of the manor, that of the latter was vested in the rector, but presentations were irregularly made, and Newcourt says that laymen presented to the vicarage, adding, "but how this came to pass I know not." If the Vicar of Baddow had practically nothing to do, and was of questionable appointment, as it seems, the allusion to him is easily to be understood. The Vicar of Baddow in 1720, according to Cox, was John Gordon. I do not think the reference to Dr. Bentley in the next paragraph has any relation to Baddow and its questionable vicar, but only to the " diabolical" pride of Dr. B. EDWARD SOLLY.

JUNIUS QUERIES (6th S. v. 127).—If ANTIJUNIUS will refer to the Catalogue of Satirical Prints in the British Museum, No. 4314, he will find an account of the print in question, and suggestions that Edmund Burke was intended by the "third figure" he inquires about. F. G. S.

"NOUVELLES D'ANGLETERRE" (6th S. v. 127). The book concerning which J. J. P. inquires is a reprint by the Elzevirs of Amsterdam of a work of Madame d'Aulnoy, published in Paris by Claude Barbou six years previously. If complete, the first volume should have 120 pages, and the second 114 pages, including title. The titles should have the Elzevir sphere. Copies in fine condition have brought as much as fifteen francs, and one copy, in a rich morocco binding, fetched thirty-eight francs. JOSEPH KNIGHT.

BURIED ALIVE: A TALE OF OLD COLOGNE (6th S. iv. 344, 518; v. 117).-I have a painting of Lady Katherine Wyndham, wife of Sir William Wyndham, who was entombed alive in the family vault at St. Decuman's Church, near Orchard Wyndham, Somerset, the family seat. There is an old man now living in this parish_(Winford) who told me that he was born in St. Decuman's, and had often heard his father "tell about Lady Wyndham," and how that the sexton ran away and left his lantern behind, with which Lady Wyndham lighted herself home. The picture that I have is of large size, and represents Lady Wyndham with her little son Charles, afterwards the first Earl of Egremont, standing by her side. HENRY TRIPP, M.A.

Winford, near Bristol.

A "CHRISTENING SHEET" (6th S. iv. 409, 494; v. 56).-Have any of the querists seeking information about this heard that unless it is burned within a year of the child's birth the child will never be able to keep a secret? It has only recently come to my knowledge, and may be of interest. J. F. H.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. v. 110).

"To be suspected," &c.

and secretary from the beginning. When the gallery was first opened to the public on Jan. 15, 1859, the number of the portraits was only fifty six, half of which were donations. The number is now 645, and celebrities

C. M. I. has made a mistake in his quotation. See of every date, from the poet Chaucer to Chief Justice Cowper's Table Talk, 11. 141-2.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

H. SMITH.

The Records of St. Michael's Parish Church, Bishop's Stortford. Edited by J. L. Glasscock, jun. (Elliot Stock.) CHURCHWARDENS' accounts of an earlier date than 1460 are of great rarity. The few that have been published in full or in abstract have added materially to our knowledge of the life of our ancestors. It is, indeed, much to be desired that all parish documents of an earlier date than the Restoration should be carefully examined. The editing of these old papers has evidently been a labour of love to Mr. Glasscock, and he deserves great praise for the trouble which he must have taken. We wish, however, that he had given more copious notes, and that he had induced some antiquarian friend to look over those he has given before he committed them to the printing press. The four "cruetts" purchased in 1513 were almost certainly the vessels used to contain the wine and water used at mass, not receptacles for the holy oils. The grate, which is several times mentioned, we are pretty sure, was not a prison, but a grate over a pit used as a charnel-house. The earlier accounts are, of course, in Latin. The first of these is given in the original tongue, the others in a translated form. For this we are very sorry, as it much lessens their value for historical purposes. We would not wish to call in question Mr. Glasscock's capacity for the task, but must remark that it is a kind of work which no one can do in a thoroughly satisfactory manner, and that it may be reasonably presumed that any one who wishes to consult documents of this sort will be able to read them in the original. It is our duty to notice these shortcomings, but on the whole the book is well done, and will be found most interesting by those who are curious about the village and town life of the past as it exhibited itself on its religious side. We have here evidence of a fact that has been doubted, that Easter sepulchres were sometimes of wood. The entries concerning the church ales are numerous and amusing. To our unreformed forefathers they stood in much the same stead as the "tea-drinking" did to the rural folk of twenty years ago. There are several memoranda, too, as to players. It seems certain that plays of a religious sort were performed in almost all our village churches before the changes of the sixteenth century. There is evidence, indeed, of their survival late into the reign of Elizabeth. An inventory taken in the reign of Edward VI. shows that the churchwardens possessed a dragon "made of hoopis and couered with canvas." There are few things we should enjoy more than seeing this monstrous beast, if he were still in being. He was no doubt used in a play setting forth the legend of St. George. A shriving house is more than once mentioned. This must have been a movable confessional. The volume is enriched by several other parish papers, carefully edited. There are also lists of churchwardens and overseers of the poor from an early period. Historical and Descriptive Catalogue of the National Portrait Gallery. By George Scharf, F.S.A. IT is sufficiently notorious how much of the success of the National Portrait Gallery is due to the tact and energy of Mr. George Scharf, who has been the keeper

Erle, are represented in the gallery. The value and interest of such a collection, as illustrating English history of every period, are increased beyond measure by the admirable catalogue which Mr. Scharf has now compiled. As a rule catalogues are dreary reading; but the visitor to the National Portrait Gallery is supplied for one shilling with a handbook of English biography which it is a pleasure to read. It is difficult to condense without being dry; but Mr. Scharf's lives are brief, full tell us just what we want to know about the artist as of matter, and yet eminently readable. He contrives to well as the subject of each portrait, and his biographies are as exhaustive as they are pleasantly written. To give an example, his sketch of John Speed is a model of what fallen into the mistake that Endymion Porter "died a biographical manual ought to contain; and if he has abroad in the Court of Charles II.," he can plead that he was misled by so great an authority as Sir Henry Ellis. In point of fact Endymion died in London, in his own house," in the Strand, over against Durham House Gate," and was buried at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields on August 21, 1649.

"MONUMENTA FRANCISCANA."-Under the direction of the Master of the Rolls there will shortly be issued Vol. II., De Adventu Minorum, &c., edited by Mr. Richard Howlett, of the Middle Temple. This volume will contain materials found, since the first volume was printed, among the MSS. of Sir Charles Isham and in

various libraries.

THE forthcoming number of Mr. Walford's new Antiquarian Magazine will contain, inter alia, "The Legend of Stoke Courcy, Somerset "The Old Cross at Coventry"; "Sheriffs' Expenses"; Shakespeare's Plutarch"; "The Titurel," an Arthurian legend, by Miss J. Goddard; and an article on Southwark, by Dr. Rendle, with illustrations.

Notices to Correspondents.

SEAFORTH asks for the names of some memoirs, biographies, or reminiscences which give a faithful record of the condition of each class in rural and manufacturing Yorkshire between 1770 and 1830, particularly in the West Riding.

J. H. CRUMP ("The Pilgrimage of Princes").-See "N. & Q.," 5th S. v. 88, 194, 277, 434.

W. F.-If not previously printed, they might prove very interesting. Perhaps you will kindly supply an introduction.

C. MASON. We shall be happy to forward a prepaid letter.

F. N. R. ("German Church ").-See ante, p. 135.
G. L. F.-In due course.

W. C. B. Fresh light has been thrown on the matter.
K. S.-See ante, p. 14.

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