deen in 1629, and reprinted at Edinburgh, 1696, having the author's name, Edward Sulton, distinctly printed on the title-page. C. L.

A PICTURE OF ST. JOHN BY MURILLO (6th S. iv. 427). VEBNA asks where this picture by Murillo now is. I beg to say I have in my possession a very old oil painting on canvas, "St. John and the Lamb," size 28 by 30 inches, the ground and foliage very dark. If the original is missing, I shall be glad to answer any questions that I can in reference to the picture that I possess. I may say the picture was brought to this country about fifty years ago by an English_gentleman, who is now dead. C. A. H.

Charlotte Town, P. E. Island, Canada.

THE KINGS OF CORNWALL (6th S. v. 28).-I do not know whether it will be superfluous to remind W. S. L. S. of Borlase's Antiquities of Cornwall (Lond., 1759), as containing a catalogue of the kings of Britain with the princes of Cornwall. It can hardly, in any case, be needful to remark that there is much in the chronology of these kings and princes which is, as the excellent rector of Ludgvan put it, "somewhat unlikely." Reference may also be made to a more recent account, in Gilbert's Parochial History of Cornwall (Lond., 1838), where the story of the dukes is given, from Dugdale, in Appendix xii. vol. iv. NOMAD. pp. 346, seqq.

THE DEATH OF EDWARD OF LANCASTER AT TEWKESBURY (6th S. v. 6).-It may interest PROF. ROGERS to know that this very question was the subject of one paper, if not of a second also, read at last year's Archæological Association Congress at Great Malvern. One of the papers was by my friend Mr. George R. Wright, F.S.A., our accomplished Congress secretary, whom a letter would reach if addressed to the Junior Athenæum Club, W. E. Walford, M.A.

Hampstead, N.W.

BLOOD-GUILTINESS (6th S. iv. 387). — In the Guardian for Dec. 21 the Rev. H. S. Byrth directs attention to the fact that Blackwood has somewhat hastily accused Mr. Gladstone of word-coining. The word is to be found in Psalm li. 14, "Deliver me from blood-guiltiness," in both Authorized Version and Prayer Book Version.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

"Please ye, we may contrive this afternoon And quaff carouses to our mistress' health." In Edwards's Damon and Pithias (vol. i. p. 181 of Dodsley's Collection of Old Plays) we find:—

"In travelying countryes, we three have contrived, Full many a yeare.'

Compare Terence's use of the Latin verb contero in the Adelphi, Act V. sc. v.:

"Contrivi in quærundo vitam atque ætatem meam." G. F. R. B.

A PARALLELISM: SWIFT AND T. ADAMS (6th. S. iii. 508).—It would be difficult now to name the true parent of the saying," because it evidently comes of a very old family. The idea that the idle or solitary man was peculiarly liable to the assaults of the devil seems to have been pretty general from very early times. If we read the lives of the old fathers and hermits, we find that when they retired into the desert or their cells generally the devil took a very early opportunity of calling upon them. Erasmus says this was why Christ went into "wyldernesse":

"And this did Jesus, euen as one that mynded to bidde the enemie of mankynde, quickely to come of and make readie all his craftes and ingiens......A place was sought and found apte and mete for the temptours purpose, and that was wyldernesse."-Paraphrase of Luke, 1648, f. 37,

verso.

He also says, on the parallel passage in Matthew:

"No man is sure fro' the assaultes of Sathan whiche lyueth sluggyshely......without diligent meditacion of holy scriptures there maye be daunger in ydle solitarynes."—Matthew, f. 13, verso. See many such passages in the lives of the fathers as the following:

"For as saynto Jerome sayth | a man that is occupyeth that is ydle hathe about hym more than a thousande in good werke | is oonly tempted of one deuyll | & a man deuyls for to begyle & deceyue hym | to thende yt he maye be brought to dampnac'on."-Vita Patrum, 1495, Wynkyn de Worde, f. 211.

Boston, Lincolnshire.

R. R.

WARTON'S BALLAD OF "THE TURNIP-HOER"(6th S. iv. 467).-I have never seen Warton's ballad. There is, however, in Salmon's Chronological Historian, 8vo., 1723, p. 364, a passage. worth quoting. Under the month of August, 1716, the author records that—

"Not that safe Pylian sire, which did survive Three ages, such as mortall men contrive.” We find Shakespeare using the word in the same sense in the Taming of the Shrew, Act I. sc. ii.

Salmon's book contains many facts illustrative of the extremely cruel measures which were resorted to by the officials of the new dynasty for the purpose of crushing those who expressed opinions obnoxious to the people in power. Mr. Peacock's novel of Ralf Skirlaugh contains a jingle founded on the supposed fact that the successor of Queen

Anne had once been a turnip-hoer. It has, we believe, no claim to be considered a contemporary effusion:

"Geordie was hoeing his turnips,

When the sun went down,
And up there came an English Lord,
Wha gave him a golden crown,
Wha gave him a golden crown,
And gave him sceptres three,
Now am I king in London town
That once was silly Geordie."

Vol. i., p. 145.
SEMPER EADEM.

Assuming that The Turnip-Hoer mentioned in Hearne's Diary and The Hanover Turnip (set to the tune of "And a howing we will go, will go," &c.) referred to by Amhurst in the Terra Filius, pp. 47-8 (third edit.), are one and the same, I may tell J. R. B. that his question was asked in "N. & Q.," 1st S. xii. 428, and never answered. G. F. R. B.

cr

"POMATUM" (6th S. iv. 8, 137, 318, 395).-In Jacob Mosan's translation of C. Wirtzung's Praxis Medicina Universalis, fol. London, 1598, "Pomada, sive pomata, a sweet-smelling salve made of apples," is mentioned in the third index, but no reference is given for any formula. The first table (or index) mentions "Pomado prepared," and the reference to p. 116 of the volume:

"Pomade is especiall good and safe. Take the sewet of Hart, fresh Butter or Barrowes grease,* of each three ounces, let them melt togither on the fire, put thereto fower or five small cut apples, also white wine six ounces: let all these seethe togither, untill that the apples be soft; then bruise them well togither, and put Camfer unto it, Cinnamome, Cloves, Nutmegs, of each half a drag. beaten small togither, also Muscus fower graines, Rose water two ounces; seethe these againe in another pot in boiling water, untill all the Rose water be wasted away: afterwards wring it through a cloth, and wash it so long with Rose water, untill it be white. This Pomade is also good for all chops of the hands and otherwise. For this is the Poplar ointment also good." See also Triller's Thesaurus Medicamentorum, 4to. 1764, p. 832, for formula of "Unguentum Pomatum," Vienna Dispensatory: "R. Axungiæ porcinæ recentis, cum pomis Citri et Aurantiorum, et pomis Borstorffiensibus," &c.

D. A. S.

"SUCH WHICH" (6th S. iv. 189, 414).-I am obliged to your correspondents who, at the latter reference, have helped me to a solution of my query. I may say that I was puzzled not so much by the correlation "such which" as by the difficulty of estimating the syntactical value of the word "vertue." This, I think, MR. BIRKBECK TERRY has justly assigned. I would, however, suggest that of the line,

"Of which vertue engendred is the flour,"

ferable: "Of which [licour] vertue [being] engendred is [i.e. becomes] the flour." Under all the circumstances, I think the lines would amply justify a note in any critical edition. W. THOMPSON. Sedbergh.

"CARRIAGE" FOR "BAGGAGE" (6th S. iv. 288, 371). I think the use of the word in this sense is not quite obsolete. When I was learning the first rule in arithmetic it was applied-but whether verbally only or in print I cannot now remember -to the figure carried to the next column, and I was taught to write down the “carriages" under the figure representing the sum in each column, as a guide to memory in checking. Ex. gr. in adding up 126, 236 and 579, the column would be 1, "carriage" 2; in the second in the first column, sum " 4, "carriage" 1.

Thornton Heath.

sum

ALEX. BEAZELEY.

THE RULE OF THE ROAD (6th S. iii. 468; iv. 34, 154, 258, 278, 316, 416).-Your correspondents are probably not aware that the rules of the road are laid down by Act of Parliament for Ireland. In 14 & 15 Vict. cap. 92, sec. xiii., you will find:

Any person driving any carriage whatsoever, or riding any horse or other animal, who meeting any other carriage or horse or other animal, shall not keep his carriage or horse or other animal on the left or near side of the road or street, or, if passing any other carriage or horse or other animal going in the same direction, shall not in all cases where it is practicable go and pass to the right or off-side of such other carriage or horse or other animal, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding ten shillings.

Any person riding any horse, and leading any other horse, who shall not keep such led horse on the side farthest away from any carriage or person passing him on any public road or in any street of a town, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding ten shillings." J. P.

WILTSHIRE PROVINCIALISMS (6th S. iv. 106,

Hogs-lard, s.v. " Barrow," Imper. Dict.

† Drachma, the eighth part of an ounce.

are well known in Cornwall and Devon, and used as in Wiltshire. Lear or leary is equally well

known there, but used, perhaps, with a very slightly different meaning. The shoots of potatoes in store are called cheens in Cornwall, and the person who breaks them off is said to cheen the potatoes. WM. PENGELLY.

Torquay.

RICHARD TURNER AND TEETOTALISM (2nd S. vi. 145, 218; 5th S. iv. 429; v. 18, 137, 398, 457; vi. 98, 158, 258, 413, 523; 6th S. iv. 397, 456).— A full account of the origin of the word "teetotal," implying total abstinence from intoxicating liquors, appears in a recently published work, Joseph Livesey: a Life Story and Its Lessons, by Joseph Sherlock.

"I have been asked several times," said Mr. Livesey, "if I could give any explanation of the origin of the word 'teetotal.' Now I can assure you, if any authority be required as to the origin of that word, none higher can be given than myself, for I was present when the word originated. It was first pronounced by a man named Dickie Turner. At that time (1832) there were temperance societies based upon the principle of abstinence from all spirits and great moderation in all fermented liquors. Dickie attempted at a meeting to show the difference. He deprecated the practice of drinking liquors in moderation, and enjoined that of abstinence. He then used the expression that gave rise to that notable word teetotal, which has since gone throughout We all took up the word at that moment, and were glad of it, for the designation 'abstinence from all intoxicating liquors' was cumbersome. We said that was the thing, and from that moment till now the word teetotal denotes abstinence from all kinds of intoxicating drinks in opposition to moderation in their use."

the world. He said that we should be 'te-te-tee-total.'

THE DEVIL AND THE BEST HYMN TUNES (6th S. ii. 369; iii. 16; iv. 115).—The association of popular tunes with sacred poetry seems to be a far more ancient practice than we have hitherto supposed. Prof. Robertson Smith, in his lectures on E The Old Testament in the Jewish Church (Edinburgh, A. & C. Black, 1881), says (p. 190):—

"A curious and interesting feature in the musical titles in the earlier half of the Psalter is that many of them indicate the tune to which the Psalm was set, by quoting phrases like Aijeleth hashshahar,* or Jonath elem rechokim, which are evidently the names of familiar songs. Of the song which gave the title Al-taschith, Destroy not,' a trace is still preserved in Isa. lxv. 8, When the new wine is found in the cluster,' says the prophet, inen say, Destroy it not, for a blessing is in it. These words in the Hebrew have a distinct lyric rhythm. They are the first line of one of the vintage songs so often alluded to in Scripture. And so we learn that the early religious melody of Israel had a popular origin, and was closely connected with the old joyous life of the nation. In the times when the last books of

* Psalm xxii. † Pealm lvi. Psalms lvii, and lviii.

It appears, therefore, that Rowland Hill's idea was carried out by the Jews no less than 2,000 to 3,000 years ago. FREDERICK E. SAWYER. Brighton.

In the biography of Rowland Hill by Mr. Edward W. Broome, p. 93 ("Cassell's Monthly Library "), is the following. After quoting a hymn that was used at Surrey Chapel, the writer goes on to say :

"The singing of these words [the hymn] to the popular air of Rule Britannia,' by the whole congregation, which was a regular custom at Surrey Chapel some years after Mr. Hill's death, had a grand effect. Mr. Hill once said that he did not see any reason why the devil should have all the good tunes; hence some of them were frequently sung in his chapel."

"BRED AND BORN ""

ALPHA.

(6th S. iv. 68, 275).-Prof. Earle has something to say on this phrase in his Philology of the English Tongue, sect. 635 :

born and bred,' except that they like the sound of it "Why do people often say 'bred and born' instead of thus headed:-Births, Marriages, and Deaths. But in better? There is in most newspapers a quarter which is conversation it is hardly ever quoted in this form. The Births, Deaths, and Marriages. Now it is plain that established colloquial form of the phrase is this:the latter does violence to the natural order of things, to which the printed formula adheres. Whence, then, has this inconsequence arisen? Solely, as it seems, from the fact that the less reasonable order offers the more agreeable cadence to the ear."

A. L. MAYHEW.

Caligula lying in Fraune the Epistle

:

a greate armie of fighting menne, brought all his force, on a sudden to the Sea side, as though he intended to cutte over, and inuade England: when he came to the shore, his Bouldiers were presently set in araye, himselfe shipped in a small barke, weyed Ancors, and lanched out; he had not played long in the Sea, wafting too and fro, at his pleasure, but he returned agayne, stroke sayle, gaue allarme to his souldiers in token of battaile, and charged euerie man too gather cockles."

Cardiff.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY

LORAD

ERARIES

CONVERSION AND CORRUPTION OF FAMILY NAMES (6th S. iv. 166, 333).—Culcheth of Lancashire has been corrupted into Kilshaw, Keelshaw, and even Occleshaw. A better instance, and from the same part of this county, is that of Holcroft. The local name is now generally spelled Howcroft; but a correspondent who claims descent from Holcroft of Hurst, a branch of the

A FENCING MATCH IN MARYLEBONE FIELDS, 1714 (6th S. iv. 445; v. 17, 39).-MR. HODGKIN will find information on this head in Mr. Walford's Old and New London, vol. iv. pp. 455 and 477. The same work will supply him with information, and possibly with old views also, of Marylebone Gardens, Cuper's Gardens, and Ranelagh. MUS RUSTICUS.

"SATE" FOR “SAT" (6th S. iv. 190, 395, 477; v. 37).—MR. EDGCUMBE, like another correspondent, mistakes the point under discussion. No one doubts that sate is the perfect of sit; the question is whether Macaulay was in error in using sate" as the past participle. JAYDEE.

Another example of the use of the final e in spelling this word is to be found in the following familiar lines:—

"'Twas at the royal feast for Persia won
By Philip's warlike son-

Aloft in awful state

The godlike hero sate

On his imperial throne."

Dryden's Alexander's Feast, lines 1-5. G. F. R. B. "JOSEPH AND HIS BRETHREN" (6th S. iv. 427, 494, 524). There is a dramatic composition with this title by Richard Jukes, published by George Lamb, Conference Office, Sutton Street, Commercial Road, St. George's East; Jukes, printer, West Bromwich. For an account of it as performed, see "Art among the Pitmen," in the Church Times for Nov. 5, 1880, p. 728.

Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham.

"

J. T. F.

ANYWHEN" (6 S. iv. 367, 542; v. 56).This word is used by Carlyle in Sartor Resartus, bk. iii. chap. viii.:—

"To clap-on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were Anywhere, straightway to be There! Next to clap-on your other felt, and, simply by wishing that you were Anywhen, straightway to be Then!"

Preston.

JAMES HIBBERT.

ROYAL SALUTES IN LONDON (6th S. iv. 47, 153). -In addition to what has already been written on this matter, it ought to be stated that the Park guns are also fired to announce the birth of princes and princesses. What the exact rule about these observances is I do not know, but desire to put on record that the Duchess of Connaught had a

daughter on Sunday, January 15, at 3.10 P.M., and a royal salute of twenty-one guns was fired in St. James's Park on the following day at 3.50 P.M.-apparently (for want, perhaps, of some explanation) a curiously odd time. Salutes are also fired to announce great naval or military victories. When was the last of these salutes fired? GEO. C. BOASE.

15, Queen Anne's Gate, S.W.

"MANCHET LOAF" (6th S. iii. 430; iv. 15, 396, 418, 496; v. 38).-If MR. BIRKBECK TERRY had read carefully what MR. SAWYER wrote on this subject he would not have written as he has, ante, p. 38. MR. SAWYER refers both to the leading case itself and to Leading Cases done into English (6th S. iv. 396). MR. SAWYER only thought this term occurred in the leading case, and as it seemed to me that, in a paper like "N. & Q.," all references should, if possible, be verified and not left to the writer's recollection, I searched for it, with the result mentioned in my note (6th S. iv. 396). That the term occurred in Leading Cases done into English I had no doubt, for MR. SAWYER stated that it was mentioned there.

G. F. R. B.

I

THE EARLIEST DATED BOOK-PLATE (6th S. v. 9).—MR. F. R. ELLIS has been wrongly informed that his 1633 book-plate is the earliest English dated specimen known. I have the book-plate of notes on and underneath the book-plate. "Franciscus Frampton," 1631, with manuscript described it fully in the Antiquary, vol. iv. p. 110 (Sept., 1881), and asked for information concerning this "Francis Frampton," who was (according to the book-plate) B.A. 1631 (M.A. 1633), but have received no information. Can any readers of "N. & Q." enlighten me? Will MR. ELLIS exchange tracings? G. J. GRAY.

3, Pembroke Street, Cambridge.