schriften zerstreuten Materials, namentlich in den in China und in den englischen Colonien erschienenen, welche in Europa noch wenig bekannt und wenig zugänglich sind, auch für das europäische Publikum nicht ohne Nutzen sein. Die wenigen Zusätze und Bemerkungen haben wir, sowie die Ueberschriften, englisch gegeben, da das Publikum, für welches wir unser Buch hauptsächlich bestimmten, in überwiegender Majorität aus Engländern besteht. PROGRESS in science can only be achieved by making use of the materials collected, and by building upon foundations already laid. A knowledge of the literature becomes therefore an indispensable necessity. The present work is an effort to meet a desideratum in this respect, which as yet is unsupplied. We have made use of the works mentioned under part I and have to thank N. B. Dennys, Ph. D., of Hongkong, for the liberal manner, in which he has placed the commencement of a similar work of his own at our disposal. We are not aware, that any important work has been omitted, but should such be the case, criticism ought to be lenient, considering that the work was compiled in the centre of China (at Kiukiang and Peking) and with access to none but private libraries. TABLE OF CONTENTS. B. The Chinese Empire. c. Peking ... 109 d. Chusan 111 e. Formosa f. Hainan 114 g. Maps 115 h. Travels ... 117 XII. NATURAL HISTORY: a. General ..... 138 b. Climatology, Geo- logy, Mineralogy 139 c. Botany 142 On Tea 148 d. Zoology 149 Appendix: Medi- cal Observations 156 XIII. CHINA AND THE CHI- NESE: a. General description of the Empire... 157 . Government, Law, Army 170 On Coinage and Coins ... 178 c. Customs and Man- ners ... 180 d. Arts, Industry, A- griculture ... 191 Silk manufacture, Rearing of Silk ... 197 e. Sciences 198 f. Religions: 1. General, Con- LOGY GEOGRAPHY AND TRA- XI. VELS: Worms a. General Geography and Topography, Population, Sta- tistics 94 b. The Open Ports ... 104 ATURE: 3. Mohammeda - ropeans 293 bassies to 6. Mongolian Lang- uage and Litera- 246 | XVII. GEGGRAPHY, HISTORY, 2. Protestant kestan, Dsunga- |