"As early as 1857, Mr. Andrew, as mouth-piece of a deputation to Lord Palmerston, took occasion to express his views as to scientifically strengthening this frontier. He pointed out the importance of railways to the Bolan and Khyber passes, the two gates of India. What he then spoke of as of importance has since been painfully demonstrated to be a necessity. After some three-and-twenty years of apathy the necessity has been realised, and now these railways are being constructed. . . . Sir Bartle Frere, then Commissioner of Scinde, in the same year said, 'In reference to the Punjaub the capacity of moving troops to a given point was of immense importance." In a military point of view the advantage would be this-that if the Khyber pass should be closed to our forces they could be moved with rapidity to the Bolan, and in either case the enemy would be taken in flank or in rear.' General Hamley, in an excellent lecture delivered at the United Service Institution in December 1878, advocates views much in harmony with our author's. . . . Mr. Andrew's views, stated throughout with remarkable fairness and honesty, reduce these requisites (for defence) to a minimum, for his aim is not aggression, but defence."-The Morning Post, March 27, 1880.

...

"While listening to the lecture [General Hamley's at the United Service Institution] and hearing the arguments upon it, it occurred to him (Mr. Thornton) that he was hearing that which had been urged in that room for many years past, and advocated by their chairman more than twenty years ago in the book he then published, entitled The Indus and its Provinces; . . . in that book he found all the conclusions arrived at were in remarkable concurrence with those which were come to by the military men who discussed the lecture to which he had referred. He (Mr. Thornton) regarded this as so remarkable an instance of the fore-sight and prescience of their chairman that he thought it a circumstance which was worthy of being mentioned on the present occasion."-Extract from the speech of Mr. E. Thornton, C.B., at a meeting of the S. P. and D. Railway, in December 1878.

"Identified during many years with the history of progress in India, from his earliest work, published under the nom de plume of 'The Old Indian Postmaster,' the advocate and apostle of the Euphrates Valley route, with which enlightened scheme his name and that of the late gallant General Chesney are indissolubly connected, the father of Indian railways, and the undaunted champion whose energy carried him victoriously through the 'battle of the Gauges,' to win for the public the boon of an unbroken gauge upon our frontier line."-Edinburgh Courant.

"He has for years been known as the most prominent advocate of the Euphrates Valley railway, and the chief object he has had in view in writing the present work has been to show the necessity of constructing a railway

to the Bolan pass, and retiring from all our posts in Afghanistan except Candahar, which should be 'made the Kars of our north-west frontier. '"Scotsman, April 16th, 1880.

"On matters connected with our Indian policy, Mr. W. P. Andrew has the right to be heard which attaches to extensive knowledge of a subject."— Daily News, July 12th, 1880.

Our Scientific Frontier was referred to in both Houses of Parliament when discussing Central Asian politics in January 1881.

"The dignity of knighthood, and that of the Companionship of the Indian Empire, that have recently been conferred on the able and patriotic Chairman of the Sind, Punjab, and Delhi Railway have been omnium consensu richly deserved; and will, we trust, prove only the forerunners of those hereditary honours which are the accustomed rewards of public services so important and so long-continued as those of Sir William Andrew, C.I.E." -Allen's Indian Mail, January 23, 1882.

"Sir W. P. Andrew has well deserved the honour of knighthood at length accorded him. No man has laboured more sedulously in these latter times to draw India nearer to Europe than the Chairman of the Scinde Railway Company, and the indefatigable advocate of the Euphrates Valley railway. If the latter project be realised by English enterprise the fact will be due as much to his untiring zeal as to General Chesney's labours in ascertaining and establishing its practicability."-The Bombay Gazette Summary, February 2, 1882.

"In these border-lands (Beloochistan and Afghanistan) to have a rival in prestige and power would be dangerousto have a superior impossible."-India and Her Neighbours, p. 319.

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