ments were adopted by the Tenth General Assembly in 1969. The existing Statutes are in many ways broad and flexible, and the necessary changes in structure and organization can be made within them. Responsibilities and relationships are being strengthened, and lines of decision making clarified.

To co-ordinate the work outlined, IUCN proposes to reorganize its Secretariat structure. It will establish new posts of Director-General (the post of DirectorGeneral will be occupied by the Secretary-General), Deputy Director-General, Senior Staff Ecologist, and Associate Staff Scientist. The Secretariat will also be strengthened by the addition of further members of the full-time professional staff to cope with the work of specific Commissions. The envisaged new structure will probably be along the lines charted in Appendix A.

Priorities for action by IUCN will be established in accordance with the following procedures :

(a) Proposals will be first received or initiated by the Secretariat;

(b) Where appropriate proposals may be referred to the Chairmen of the relevant Commissions or selected specialists;

(c) The Secretary-General/Director-General will prepare a program in suggested order of priority for consideration by the Executive Board.

5. BUDGET

In the years 1963-1965, IUCN's income and expenditure averaged Sw. Fr. 399,000; the corresponding figure for 1966-1968 was Sw. Fr. 867,000. The proposals for 1970–1972 average Sw. Fr. 2,150,000. It is confidently expected that the proposed programme is sufficiently practical and indeed essential to world conservation to attract the necessary funds. No funds from any source will be accepted by the IUCN if their acceptance involves control of IUCN policies, objectives or personnel.

IUCN stands ready to assist the United Nations or its member countries in any way in which it can.

IUCN-FOUNDED FONTAINBLEU 1948-OFFICERS AND BOARD MEMBERS FOLLOWING NEW DELHI GENERAL ASSEMBLY, DECEMBER 1, 1969

President: Mr. Harold J. Coolidge (U.S.A.).

Vice Presidents: Dr. F. Fraser Darling (U.K.) ; Shri Zàfar Futehally (India); Prof. Ian McT. Cowan (Canada); Dr. Chr. Jouanin (France); and Prof. Dr. M. F. Mörzer Bruyns (Netherlands).

Chairmen of Commissions: Survival Service, Mr. P. M. Scott (U.K.); Education, Dr. L. K. Shaposhnikov (U.S.S.R.); Ecology, Dr. J. B. Cragg (Canada); National Parks, Prof. J.-P. Harroy (Belgium); Legislation, Mr. W Burhenne (Germany); and Landscape Planning, Mr. R. J. Benthem (Netherlands). Secretary-General: Mr. E. J. H. Berwick (U.K.), until March 30, 1970; Dr. Gerardo Budowski (Venezuela), April 1, 1970 to September 1972.

Executive Board: Mr. B. N. Bogdanov (U.S.S.R.), 1966-1972; Dr. Robert Carrick (Australia), 1966-1972; Ing. Agr. I. N. Costantino (Argentina), 1966– 1972; Prof. Ian McT. Cowan (Canada), 1969-1975; Mr. B. Dioum (Senegal), 1970-1976; Dr. W. A. L. Fuller (Canada), 1964-1970; Shri Z. Futehally (India), 1967-1973; Prof. U. Hafsten (Norway), 1970-1976; Dr. Chr. Jouanin (France), 1970-1976; Prof. Dr. V. A. Kovda (U.S.S.R.), 1967-1973; Prof. H. E. Luther (Finland), 1964-1970; Prof. R. Matthey (Switzerland), 1969-1975.

Doc. Dr. A. Medwecka-Kornas (Poland), 1967-1973; Prof. Th. Monod (France), 1964-1970; Prof. Dr. M. F. Mörzer Bruyins (Netherlands), 1969-1975; Dr. P. N. Neto (Brazil), 1970–1976; Dr. M. E. D. Poor (U.K.), 1969–1975; Dr. L. M. Talbot (U.S.A.), 1969-1975; Mr. R. E. Train (U.S.A.), 1966-1972; Dr. J. A. Valverde Gomez (Spain), 1970–1976; and Dr. D. P. S. Wasawo (Kenya), 1964–1970. . . . Mr. BRADEMAS. My last question might be because of your experience in the international field to ask what countries you think Mr. Meeds and I ought to go visit to see what they are doing in the field of environmental education from which we in this country might learn.

Miss HENDERSON. I would certainly think in England. Of course, you could understand them so well, but they have not only some innovations in general, but they have also developed an extensive series of nature and trails and outdoor centers. They have developed programs in the new towns where the children record changes in the natural surroundings as the town grows.

The nature conservancy there, I think could give you a number of leads onto this very quickly. I think some of the Scandinavian countries, Holland, and Czechoslovakia have some interesting programs. East Europeans have a lot of cooperation with youth groups-an important facet of this problem-Japan has interesting teacher training

centers.

Mr. BRADEMAS. Dr. Stahr of the Audubon Society, yesterday urged us to amend this bill for authorization for the establishment of nature centers. Do you have any comment on that suggestion?

Miss HENDERSON. I think that is one thing. I am in favor of anything like that. But I would like to see some city centers, too. In the environment field they would be very useful; they could be like the neighborhood museums with a more environmental focus.

Mr. BRADEMAS. Your testimony has been most helpful to me. Thank

you.

Mr. Meeds?

Mr. MEEDS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I would like to ask the same question that Mr. Brademas asked about the Conservation Foundation, Miss Henderson. You are the education specialist for that group?

Miss HENDERSON. Yes.

Mr. MEEDS. Who are some of the members of that group?

Miss HENDERSON. It is not a membership organization. It is a group that has also been going like the union (IUCN) since 1948. It is a group of people working on different environmental problems. I am in education, we have a lawyer who did a conference on the law and the environment this fall. We have a couple of international ecologists who ran meetings on the ecological aspects of international development a year ago. We have planners, and those who work in citizen programs of various sorts and so on.

Mr. MEEDS. How is it supported?

Miss HENDERSON. By private foundations and some individuals. The only Government money, I believe, at the moment, is an HEW grant for air pollution.

Mr. MEEDS. Were you present the other day when Margaret Mead testified? In looking at your testimony, I assume you were?

Miss HENDERSON. I was there at the end of it. I wasn't there through all of it.

Mr. MEEDS. I asked her a question which I am going to repeat very generally to you. I am just tremendously excited about all the interest we have in environment today. But somehow I have the feeling that this interest is a-I called it a middle-class ethic and I don't think she liked that terminology, but I am going to use it again because I like it.

I have the feeling that the drive for environment today is primarily a middle-class ethic and that we are overlooking or downgrading the very urgent problems of our cities and the very brutal environmental problems which exist there and we are thinking about conserving forests and cleaning up lakes and streams and all of these things. But we are not concentrating on rats, garbage in hallways, and all of the problems that beset our core cities.

Miss HENDERSON. I personally believe this latter concentration is vital.

Mr. MEEDS. My question is: Can we make this bill something which will also carry that concern and begin to respond to it or am I talking about another problem which maybe we ought to be dealing with in other legislation?

Miss HENDERSON. It is my personal belief that one has to look at the total environment. Since 70 percent or more of our citizens live in the city and more will in the near future, we are really obliged to look at the problem of the city almost first and foremost and look at the interplay between the rural areas and the city. We must look at the city environment and this immediately involves us in the interplay between man and nature and also technology.

I don't see how we can get out of this.

Mr. MEEDS. I certainly agree with you. What I am really doing is kind of earnestly soliciting from all the witnesses I have had an opportunity to question, methods that we can better get this message across with this bill or some other legislation.

Miss HENDERSON. I suppose that perhaps you have to actively state it. I think the bill needs to make a reference to the fact that the kind of poverty areas we have in cities are, in fact, ecologically bad as well as all the other ways they are bad and that one needs to make this clear.

I think it is true, it is harder to get people in poverty to recognize that what we are saying is relevant to them as well as to us.

Mr. MEEDS. My concern over this arose from a number of letters which I received from the students at Western Washington College, who were writing on another piece of legislation, but who seemed to have only the idea that the ecology and the environment was their ability to walk out their back door into the forests.

This was in relation, incidentally, to another matter in which I was actually questioning whether the ghetto youth of this Nation were getting a fair shake in the whole buildup on environmental problems. They just completely ignored it. It troubled me greatly, because it seems to me that the ghetto youth have as much right to a good environment as do the college students who want to walk out the back door and into the forests. We all want to do that.

Miss HENDERSON. I think their need is more pressing and we ought to acknowledge that.

Mr. MEEDS. Thank you very much.

Mr. BRADEMAS. Thank you, Miss Henderson. We appreciate your helping us.

Mr. BRADEMAS. Our final witness this morning is Dr. Casey E. Westell, Jr. I am very pleased to call on a distinguished member of this subcommittee, Mr. Meeds, to present Dr. Westell.

Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Chairman, I present Dr. Westell not from personal knowledge, but from recommendations of some very close personal friends who have recommended him highly, and having looked over his background, I can see why.

Dr. Westell this morning testifies on behalf of the American Forest Products Industries. These are industries which manufacture lumber, plywood, pulp, paper, and utilize a good share of the wood products and wood in the United States, both soft and hardwood, and I think probably a group which has as great a stake in the challenge of environment as any other group.

Dr. Westell comes to the committee this morning with a great deal of experience in this field. Dr. Westell, we are very happy to welcome you here.

STATEMENT OF DR. CASEY E. WESTELL, JR., GENERAL MANAGER, WOODLANDS PACKAGING CORPORATION OF AMERICA, FILER CITY, MICH.; ACCOMPANIED BY RALPH D. HODGES, JR., VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MANAGER, NATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION

Dr. WESTELL. Thank you.

Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, with me is Mr. Ralph D. Hodges, Jr., vice president and general manager of the National Forest Products Association.

It is a distinct pleasure to be with you today to testify on H.R. 14753, the Environmental Quality Education Act. In the time allotted to me I will summarize the full statement I have prepared for insertion. in the hearing record.

My name is Casey E. Westell, Jr. My occupation is general woodlands manager for Packaging Corp. of America, and my headquarters is in Filer City, Mich. Professionally, I am an ecologist.

I am appearing on behalf of the Forest Industries Council which is a policy-coordinating organization on resource matters for the