capital T and C, joined thus, T, and charged with tapers in saltire, denotes Thomas Chaundler, who was also a benefactor to the college in 1472. The arms of Bekyngton are a field argent, on a fess azure between three bucks' heads caboched, or, and three pheons sable, a mitre or; with a beacon and tun cut close by. I have met with no remark on the arms of Waynflete. The founder of the oratory, Robert Thurburn, is signified by the letters R T, near a with rays of the sun; or rather, as another antiquary has ingeniously explained it, a Thuribule with burning incense, in allusion to his surname as composed of Thus, thuris, and the English verb burn.

rose,

As an article of local history, though minute, I shall mention here that Waynflete in 1481, "from special favour, and the love "which he bore to the warden, the fellows, "and scholars," granted the college water from Segremeswell, by the mill so called, in the soke of Wynton, to be conveyed in wooden or leaden pipes, with liberty to build two wheels on the bank; a messuage and curtilage or yard; and also a piece of ground for a garden in the soke, at the yearly rent

of

of two shillings and four pence. He had again held a visitation of the society in 1479; and his reception on this and similar occasions we may hope was less burdensome than that of Wulcy in 1526, when the college, having eight pounds to pay the cardinal for charges, entered into a bond to do it at four sums in four years1!

The Plea of the Fellows of Winchester College against the Bishop of Winchester's local and final Visitatorial Power. London, 1711, 4to. p. 15. 40, 41. Appendix, p. 27.

i MS. Harl. N° 6977.

CHAP

CHAPTER IV.

Of Bishop Waynflete to the Time of his being made Lord High Chancellor of England.

SECT. I.H

ENRY VI. had succeeded his father and grandfather,

and been crowned at Westminster and Paris; but his title to the throne was exceptionable; and the duke of York, great grandson of the elder brother of the duke of Lancaster, from whom Henry was descended, privately waited for an opportunity to wrest the diadem from his brow. At the same time, the affairs of France no longer prospering under his administration, contributed to produce dissatisfaction among the people, and to promote disaffection to his govern

ment.

The royal presence being deemed necessary on the continent, Waynflete, by mandate on the 20th of January 1449, required

• See Blackstone's Commentaries, 1. i. c. 3.

the

the clergy and laity of his diocese to pray on certain days for the church, the king, and realm of England; for the preservation and defence of the king in his expedition beyond sea; and for a sudden and undelayed cessation of mortality and pestilence; to propitiate the Most High by solemn processions and suffrages, and by works of piety; that wars and dissensions might end, and in their stead, tranquillity and prosperity prevail in the beauty of peace; granting an indulgence of forty days to all who should repent of their sins, be confessed, and attend on this urgent occasion.

Suffolk, after the surrender of Caen by the duke of Somerset, and the expulsion of the English from their ancient possessions in France, could no longer be protected by his party, but was tried for high treason, sentenced to banishment, waylaid, and murdered. The discontent which had been sown in the nation was now ripening to produce a civil war, which constitutes a long and most calamitous period in the history of England.

SECT. II. A PRETENDED heir of the house of York, an Irishman, whose name was Cade, headed

headed about this time an insurrection in Kent; and after defeating the king's general, who was slain, encamped on Blackheath, declaring he was come to assist the parliament at Westminster in reforming the administration, and removing Somerset and other persons from the royal presence. The citizens of London admitted him within the walls in the daytime; but the insolence of his followers and their outrages becoming intolerable, they shut the gates on his marching into the fields in the evening, as usual, and resolved to attack him in the night. Lord Scales, governor of the Tower, sent them a detachment of the garrison; and Cade, after a bloody conflict on the bridge, was driven beyond the Stoop in Southwark. The bishop of Winchester, who was shut up in Halywell castle, being summoned to attend a council in the Tower, where archbishop Stafford, lord high chancellor, had taken refuge, was of opinion, they might win over by hopes of pardon, those whom they could not easily subdue by force of arms; and that to avoid fighting would be the most effectual way to defeat the traitor. The two prelates, with other lords, on the following day crossed the water, and held in St. Margaret's church

a con