Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. 66 H. Lives and Legends of the English Bishops and Kings, Medieval Monks, and other Later Saints. By Mrs. Arthur Bell. (Bell & Sons.) WITH this handsome, finely illustrated, and interesting volume Mrs. Arthur Bell completes what may perhaps be called her trilogy on The Saints in Christian Art." Previous volumes of the same series were duly noted in 'N. & Q.'-'Lives and Legends of the Evangelists, Apostles, and other Early Saints,' 9th S. ix. 339, and 'Lives and Legends of the Great Hermits and Fathers of the Church,' 9th S. xi. 99. Special interest is offered to English readers by this third and concluding portion, seeing that the number of Anglo-Saxons who, during the period dealt with, have been admitted to the celestial hierarchy is exceptionally large. It is to be regretted, as Mrs. Bell points out, that there are but few works of art in which they are introduced, the blame for this state of things being due, not only to the ignorance prevailing, among the great European painters, concerning the heroes and mar tyrs of Britain, "divided from all the world," but also "to a great extent to the ruthless destruction after the Reformation of all that could recall the memory of the men who had upheld the rights of the Church." The volume opens with an account of the early Bishops of Canterbury, first of all coming, naturally, St. Augustine, of whom a long account is given. Lives follow of St. Paulinus, the first Bishop of York; St. Edwin, the first Christian King of Northumbria; St. Oswald; and St. Aidan. Ford Madox Brown's picture of The Baptism of St. Edwin by St. Oswald' is the first illustration in the volume after the frontispiece, which presents The Coronation of the Virgin,' with Saints Francis, Dominic, Antony of Padua, Bonaventure, Peter Martyr, and Thomas Aquinas, by Fra Angelico. Another English picture which follows is that from a window in Christchurch, Oxford, presenting 'St. Frideswide in the Swineherd's Hut. St. Edith of Polesworth reproving Two of her Nuns' is also by Ford Madox Brown. Yet other English designs are from a window in St. Neot's parish church, Cornwall, and from a MS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The last-mentioned, which is striking, shows a very small St. Dunstan at the feet of a colossal Christ. When we come to the later portions of the book, the designs are from Andrea del Sarto, Giotto, Donatello, Sodoma, Fra Angelico, Filippo Lippi, Pacchiarotto, Pinturicchio, Murillo, and others whose works adorn the previous volumes. We may not enter further into the contents of the book, but must congratulate Mrs. Bell upon her successful and earnestly accomplished task. To have produced within little more than a · couple of years three volumes such as those she has given to the world is no small accomplishment, and proves the whole to be a labour of love. As in most modern work, the criticism remains enlightened, and sight is not lost of the fact that some saints are obscure and some legends apocryphal. In addition to the learning displayed, however, the text is informed by a spirit of faith and devotion. John Dryden. Edited by George Saintsbury. 2 vols. (Fisher Unwin.) To the "Mermaid Series" of Mr. Fisher Unwin has been added a selection of the best plays of Dryden. If there is a dramatist whom we are content to accept in such a form it is surely Dryden, who at his best, as in 'All for Love'-which, as he speare, and at his worst, as in Limber ham,' comes says, "he wrote for himself "-approximates Shakein indecency not far short of Wycherley. Of 'The Conquest of Granada,' in two parts, Johnson says: "The scenes are for the most part delightful; they exhibit a kind of illustrious depravity and majestic madness." 'Aurengzebe,' in the prologue to which Dryden owns that he begins to grow sick of his long-loved mistress Rhyme, is perhaps the best of his so-called heroical tragedies. Marriage à la Mode' has some excellent comic scenes and a love song of extreme indelicacy. The Spanish Friar' was constantly acted till near the close of the eighteenth century. In Don Sebastian' Johnson rather quaintly praises "sallies of frantic dignity." These plays, with All for Love' and the opera of Albion and Albanius,' constitute a judicious selection. Mr. Saintsbury's introduction and notes are excellent. Dryden's plays, apart from collected editions of his works, are not easily accessible. We remember more than half a century ago purchasing them in two folio volumes, now scarce. A more convenient edition, in 6 vols. 12mo, with plates by Gravelot, was issued by J. & R. Tonson in 1762. This, though not high priced, is also uncommon. The reprint is, accordingly, judicious. Many of the other plays are curious, the alterations from Shakespeare doing Dryden little credit. Portraits of Dryden and Nell Gwyn accompany the present work. THE English Historical Review contains an interesting article on Clarendon's History' by Mr. C. H. Firth. The net result is very much to Clarendon's credit, for it testifies to his extreme desire to find out the facts, and, though no one ever denied the bias with which he writes, this investigation shows how far removed he was from being a mere liar, as Prof. Thorold Rogers thought him. On the eternal question of hides and virgates we have a note from Mr. Salzman controverting the views of Prof. Tait. Dr. James Gairdner prints an abstract of Bishop Hooper's Visitation of Gloucester.' The reviews are dull and unimportant, the notice of the American volume of the Cambridge History' being meagre. THOSE given to exaggeration have been known to liken folk-lore to the contents of an eighteenthcentury museum, made up of a collection of curiosities-here a stuffed tiger, there a few bronze celts, with a charter of Henry II. in close proximity to a Whitby "snake-stone" and an African warclub. There is wild exaggeration in this, but some truth lies at the bottom. It is yet too early to classify the facts of this new science in a way satis M. LOUIS THOMAS is bringing out an edition of Chateaubriand's correspondence and would be much obliged if any one would give him information on this subject. As Chateaubriand stayed in England on several occasions, M. Thomas presumes that some at least of his letters must be in the possession of English amateurs. Copies of any of these will be gladly received by M. Louis Thomas, 26, Rue Vital, Paris (XVI.). WE hear with much pleasure that a fourth volume of the Catalogue of Early English Printed Books in the University Library, Cambridge,' reviewed ante, p. 138, is in the press, and will supply the index for which we asked. factory to those who are apt to become confused much nonsense has been written on the subject when they cannot find all the fragments of the that it is cheering to have his life discussed by a knowledge they seek arranged in orderly sequence, competent person who does not hold a brief either as, for example, in a treatise on astronomy. for the old or the new theology. Galileo was a Such people must wait patiently. Our first duty mathematician and scientist as well as a hard is to garner facts. The time for classification is not worker, and is therefore worthy of admiration. yet. Some valuable attempts have, however, been Had he been more circumspect and less given to made, which, though they may call for revision as irritating those in power it would have been far time goes on, have laid a sound foundation for the better. The paper on 'Jacobite Songs' is interoutworks. The Folk-lore of Human Life,' in the esting, but we wish that the writer had noted the Edinburgh Review for January, is one of these. earliest appearance of each one of them. We do We cannot speak of it too highly if we bear in not call in question the genuineness of any, but mind that the facts at present amassed are not there are others, more sceptical than ourselves, who, exhaustive in any one direction. It is possible we feel sure, will cherish doubts. It is not easy to -many scholars, indeed, think highly probable-understand how so much good verse could be prothat some of the folk-lore that has come down to duced by the adherents of the fallen dynasty at us is the earliest relic of the human race we possess, a time when most other song-writers were turning older by untold generations than any paleolithic out such arrant rubbish. There are articles on implement or bone-scratched picture to be found in Franciscan Literature' and on Robert Herrick' the richest of our collections. However this may which will interest our readers. be, it is certain that there are ideas which still remain imbedded as fossils in human thought which are so remote in their origin as to have become dispersed, in slightly varying forms, throughout almost the whole of the families of mankind. When, for example, did the spring and autumn festivals originate? Were they established in honour of gods now unworshipped, or did they originate ages before savage man had evolved a coherent theistic belief? Did they indeed furnish in some way or other one of the factors that safeguarded the dawnings of primeval faith? The Maypole yet exists in some few of our parishes, and May games are happily not forgotten; they indicate, as the writer points out, "that the road beneath our feet was trodden by other May-keepers whose symbols are now but relics, their sense forgotten and out of mind. Heathendom is with us still; it walks incognito, but the domino is threadbare which masks its features." The reviewer does not point out that the May Day or Martinmas house cleanings which occur with rigid uniformity are also survivals of the spring and autumn festivals which, however old they may be, assuredly come down to us from remote antiquity. Housewives now explain them on strictly common-sense principles, which would have done honour to the most ardent of the utilitarians regarding whom Sir Leslie Stephen has discoursed to us; but it is evident that those who search for origins will have to go back to a state of mind parallel with that which impels the bird to build its nest. Some Aspects of Modern Geology' contains little that will be new to the serious student of the science, but even the writer must have been compelled to glean good part of what he knows from the transactions of learned societies or from books which are avoided with equal care by the many who have an antipathy for all reading which compels thought. The essayist writes with becoming caution. He is never contemptuous of opinions which differ from his own. The idea that vast catastrophes were not infrequent in remote geological time has revived of late. We are glad to find, however, that this writer sees no reason for accepting it. Whatever may have been the state of our planet when life did not exist thereon, he believes that from the period when organized creatures, even in their lowest forms, came into being there is "no suggestion of cataclysms or abnormal tides, or, in fact, of conditions materially different from those which now obtain." The paper on Galileo is well worth reading. So 66 Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: and address of the sender, not necessarily for pubON all communications must be written the name lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. 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