united forces on that occasion in honour of superintend the irrigation works with which the lugubriously named captain. F. F. L.

A. C. SWINBURNE.-The editors of the "Centenary Edition of Burns quote in the notes, vol. i. p. 368, the following stanza by Mr. Swinburne :

Men, born of the land that for ages

Has been honoured where freedom was dear,
Till your labour was fat on its wages
You shall never be peers of a peer.
Where might is, the right is:
Long purses make strong swords.
Let weakness learn meekness.
God save the House of Lords.

In which of the poet's publications can the
rest of the poem be found?
J. J. FREEMAN.

RALEIGH'S HEAD.I lately, quite by chance, came across a copy of a booklet entitled 'History and Description of the Windows of the Parish Church of the House of Commons' (1895), by Mrs. J. E. Sinclair, a lady of antiquarian tastes. In this I find it stated, at p. 30, that

"Ralegh was beheaded in the adjacent Old Palace Yard, in 1618; his body was interred beneath the chancel of the church, his head being placed on Westminster Hall. A tradition, handed down from rector to rector of St. Margaret's, says that the dissevered head was buried in the same grave with the body of his son, Carew Ralegh, a few years afterwards."

I should be glad to know how much credence is to be attached to this "tradition," and whether the statement can be by any means traced to its source. I believe that the accepted, and probably authentic, account is that the head was buried in the church at West Horseley, in Surrey. I addressed a communication on this matter to the editor of the St. Margaret's Parish Magazine, thinking it a likely means by which to obtain the information, but it did not secure DAVID EASTERBROOK.

insertion.

the whole of this part of the Rhône plain is intersected. Similarly I believe that many of the drainage works on Sedgemoor were laid out by Dutchmen. Are there any technical terms in Dutch or Flemish from which "meyne" and "rhine" could be derived?

I do not know if the compilers of the 'N.E.D.' have as yet reached the word "main,” but Dr. Murray might well have French patois dictionaries looked up as to "meyne,' in view of our own gas and water mains. My informant said the word, which I have not seen written, is pure French; but I have not Littré at hand to verify his assertion. H. Avignon.

[For rene, a small watercourse, see 9th S. ix. 329,

434.]

Beplies.

THE MOTHER OF NINUS.
(9th S. xii. 128.)

As Osiris was at once the son and husband
of Isis his mother, and the Indian god Iswara
is represented as a babe at the breast of his
own wife Parvati, the Indian Isis, so Ninus
or Nimrod, the beginning of whose kingdom
band and son of Semiramis, who, as the first
was Babylon (Genesis x. 10), was both hus-
deified queen
of Babylon, was probably
identified with Mu-Mu or Ma-Ma, the great
mother of all nature, who in her varying
Mr. Boscawen, was Mūmu
forms, says
Tiamut, the Chaotic Sea, and Baku, the
spouse of Hea, who presided over the south
of Babylonia, the region of the marshes, and
bore the title also of the "bearing mother of
mankind" (From under the Dust of Ages,'
1886, p. 35). So that, in the conflicting rela-
tionships of the earliest divinities with which
the researches of Assyriologists have made
us acquainted, it is perhaps permissible to
recognize in Mu-Mu or Ma-Ma attributes
which were transferred to Semiramis, the
great goddess-mother, upon one of whose
temples in Egypt, where she was known as
Athor, was inscribed: "I am all that has
been, or that is, or that shall be. No mortal
The fruit which I
has removed my veil.

[See DR. BRUSHFIELD'S article, 9th S. xii. 289.] "MEYNES" AND "RHINES."-At Orange the other day I came across a curious patois word which is of some interest. The waterway which is led through the town, and which is usually about one metre broad [? deep] and ten metres wide, is locally known as a meyne." "have brought forth is the Sun" (Bunsen's When one recollects that the drainage chan-'Egypt,' 1848, vol. i. pp. 386-7). Similarly nels on Sedgemoor are known as "rhines," ," the Babylonian epic of the creation begins by and that the chief tributary of the river describing the generation of the world out of Rhine is the Main, one is tempted to ask what the origin of these two terms really is. It is, of course, well known that Orange was once a principality under the House of Nassau, and it is possible that Dutch engineers may have been brought there by them to

Mummu or Chaos, the primeval source of all
things ('The Religions of Ancient Egypt and
Babylon,' by Prof. Sayce, 1902, p. 131). The
first tablet of the 'History of Creation' says:
1. When in the height heaven was not named,
2. And the earth beneath did not yet bear a name,

3. And the primeval Apsu-ma (? or mu) who begat them,

4. And Chaos, mu-um-mu Tiamat, the mother of them both, &c.

See The Seven Tablets of Creation,' by L. W. King, 1902, p. 3 et seq., and The Religions of Babylon and Assyria,' by Morris Jastrow, 1898, p. 105. One seems justified, therefore, in assuming that the mother of Ninus, after the divinity of both the former and the latter had become an established belief, was his own wife Semiramis, whose attributes, when deified after death, gradually became identified in the eyes of her worshippers with those of Mu-Mu or Ma-Ma, the Mother of All.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

a

IMMUREMENT ALIVE OF RELIGIOUS (9th S. xii. 25, 131, 297, 376, 517).-The interest of historic truth must be my excuse for taking exception to MR. H. G. HOPE'S version of the Bruntisfield mystery. "The venerable mansion" was not "demolished in 1800"; it stands at this day, and is still inhabited, well-preserved example of Scottish castellated building of the sixteenth century. My father rented it at one time, and part of my childhood was spent there; but the story of the secret chamber, as repeated by MR. HOPE, has deepened in gloom since my time. Miss Warrender, a daughter of the house, has given what may be considered the authentic version in her 'Walks near Edinburgh,' pp. 13-15. It may serve as a useful warning against too easy acceptance of fanciful variants if I quote what she says:

"After the purchase of Bruntisfield by George Warrender [in 1695], it remained for nearly a hundred years in possession of the younger branch of the family, which came to an end in 1820 by the death of Hugh Warrender......He was succeeded by his cousin, my grand-uncle, the Right Hon. Sir George Warrender, M.P., who, on taking possession, discovered the existence of a secret room. The house was then thickly covered with ivy. Lee, the Royal Academician, and an architect that Sir George had brought down from London with him, were the first to suspect its existence, from finding more windows outside than they could account for. The old woman who had charge of the house denied for a long time any knowledge of such a room; but, frightened by Sir George's threats, she at length showed him the narrow entrance, that was concealed behind a piece of tapestry. This was torn down and the door forced open, and a room was found just as it had been left by some former occupant-the ashes still in the grate. Whether, as one story said, it had been used as a hiding-place in troubled times, or whether, according to another legend, it had been the room of a dearly loved child of the house, after whose death it had been hurriedly shut up, never to be entered again by the broken-hearted parents, there are now no means of

knowing; but the bloodstains on the floor point to some darker tragedy, and a tradition still lingers that, not long after the discovery of this room, a skeleton was found buried below the windows.”

It would have been most improper if that skeleton had not turned up; but there is no suggestion of immurement, as MR. HOPE would have us believe. HERBERT MAXWELL.

the interests of historical accuracy, to furnish Perhaps M. N. G. will be kind enough, in one or more of the following particulars: (1) the name of the convent; (2) the name of the nun; (3) the name of the person or persons who "captured" her; (4) the means whereby the capture was effected; (5) the name of the "recent book on life in America"; and at the same time to give a reference to any contemporary account of the events alleged to have taken place at Charlestown, Mass., in 1835. The fact that the law (in England as elsewhere) did in times past punish heretics with death by burning does not seem to me to be one from which the prevalence of an illegal custom of burying recalcitrant religious alive can be by any known process of reasoning validly inferred.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

CARDINALS (9th S. xi. 490; xii. 19, 174, 278, 334, 497).—Mr. Marion Crawford, writing of Rome in 1865, says of Cardinal Antonelli:

"He had his faults, and they were faults little becoming a cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. But few are willing to consider that, though a cardinal, he was not a priest-that he was practically a layman, who by his own unaided genius had attained to great power-and that those faults which have been charged against him with such virulence would have passed, nay, actually pass, unnoticed and uncensured in many a great statesman of those days and of these." This passage occurs in the novel of Saracinesca,' but here Mr. Marion Crawford is evidently writing as an historian, and not as a novelist, and I think may be considered an authority on the subject, as he has made Italian life so much his own.

Edinburgh.

J. H. MURRAY.

THE WYKEHAMICAL WORD "Toys" (9th S. xii. 345, 437, 492; 10th S. i. 13).—Winchester College Notions,' by Three Beetleites (Winchester, P. & G. Wells, 1901), is the book from which the present generation of Wykehamists acquires its essential modicum of knowledge of notions, and is the immediate source of the "accepted derivation" cited at the second reference. The authors give due acknowledgment in their preface to the work of previous writers, and say that "deriva

SHAKESPEARE'S GEOGRAPHY (9th S. xi. 208,"in the time of the first Earl of Strafford the 333, 416, 469; xii. 90, 191).-MR. STRONACH selects from my letters a few sentences, and takes no notice of the rest. I gave reasons for what I wrote, and if MR. STRONACH is blind to them, I may suppose that other readers of 'N. & Q.' will not be so. I pointed out to MR. STRONACH that Shakspeare thought Milan to be on the sea. It is impossible that Bacon, a traveller on the Continent, and a man of general knowledge, could have made this mistake. I have formed my own opinions from my own reading, and it is not necessary

facturer, took a lease of the glass-house at seem to be drawn directly from the doings of GratCatcliffe for twenty-one years. In 1782 tan's servant, Dan Carsons. Comparing the 'real Hannah, his widow, transferred it to their thing' with the work of fiction, one is driven to sons Thomas May and William May, who ing invention on Lever's part was only a photoconclude that much of what was regarded as rollickcarried on the business for some years. graphic reproduction of anecdotes that he had They certainly had it in 1785. I find these heard from old soldiers of the Connaught Rangers." persons described sometimes as "gentlemen." Peninsular hero though he really was, yet There were also two glass-houses at Mas-Lieut. Grattan complains at p. 79:brough, in the parish of Rotherham, which were worked for some time by John Foljambe, gentleman (an attorney, I believe), in partnership with Jacob Boomer, a grocer, both of Rotherham. In 1783 they leased them to the above-named Thomas May for thirteen years. Mustard-bottles, ink-bottles, decanters, and flint glasses were among the articles they produced. The Mays are noticed in Mr. Hunter's 'Fam. Min. Gent.,' Harl. Soc., iv. 1177. W. C. B.

In St. Stephen's Church, Norwich, is a mural tablet to the memory of Richard Matthews, Sheriff of Norwich, glass-maker, who died 1774. On it are his arms thus: Per pale: 1, Gules, three catherine-wheels argent, on a chief or a bull's head cabossed sable; 2, Gules, a chevron between three escallops argent.

Monmouth.

JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS.

EMMET AND DE FONTENAY LETTERS (9th S. xii. 308).-FRANCESCA may be pleased to know that she can learn all about Robert Emmet's letters to Madame la Marquise de Fontenay by reference to a huge book, privately printed, by Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, called The Emmet Family.' There is but one copy in England, and that is in the British Museum. L. I. GUINEY.

CARSON (9th S. xi. 488; xii. 19, 110, 331, 377). -With regard to this subject, perhaps it may not be out of place to mention that in that delightful work Adventures with the Connaught Rangers, 1809-14,' by William Grattan, late Lieutenant Connaught Rangers, edited by Charles Oman (Edward Arnold), the name of Carsons will be found; and to add that Mr. Oman points out in the preface, at p. vii :

"It is clearly from the domestic annals of the 88th that Charles Lever drew the greater part of the good stories which make the fortune of Charles O'Malley.' Many of the humours of Mickey Free

were in consequence without a change of linen.......
"For six days we had not seen our baggage, and
I had no nightcap.'

Mr. W. Grattan was a kinsman of Ireland's
greatest statesman-Henry Grattan.
HENRY GERALD HOPE.

119, Elms Road, Clapham, S. W.

PAMELA (9th S. xii. 141, 330).—Since writing my former note on the pronunciation of this name I have accidentally come across it in de Béranger' (Amsterdam, 1864, p. 16), by the French, in the advice given, in Les Gaietés "abbesse" of to-day to one of her disciples: Vous, Paméla, Cachez cela.

The accent on the second syllable of the name is, of course, to make the name trisyllabic, and the rhyme with "cela" shows its pronunciation to be a practical approximation to that of a cretic (---); that is, to the pronunciation of Richardson.

Athenæum Club.

RICHARD HORTON SMITH.

My mother (born in 1824, when Richardson's novel was still popular) was christened Pamela-professedly after the novel. I never heard any other pronunciation of the name by relatives and friends than Paměla. The would not, I suppose, have been the case with diminutive of endearment was Pam, which Pamela. The REV. C. S. TAYLOR'S instance of Pamella is interesting on Pope's side; but the spelling Pamala (which I have found in letters from my mother's early contemporaries) makes for Richardson.

SAMUEL GREGORY OULD.

In 'Selecta Poemata Anglorum,' 1779, p. 281, is a poem in Latin sapphics (no name appended), entitled 'Ode ad Pamelam Canem Dilectissimam ':

Chara, quæ semper studio fideli
Me sequi gratum solita es magistrum,
Quæ colis multo officio, vocanti
Pamela adesdum!
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

TIDESWELL AND TIDESLOW (9th S. xii. 341, 517).-The claim made by your correspondent as to the prefix Tid being the name of an individual can scarcely be deemed satis