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And what do you think I made of his head?
"Twas forty fine ovens as ever baked bread,
Some shovels and pokers and other fine things,-

Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?

And what do you think I made of his eyes?
'Twas forty great puddings and fifty great pies,

Some mustards and custards and other fine things,

Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
Now what do you think I made of his fins?
It was sixty fine Dutchmen as ever drank gin,
There was Swedes and Norwegians and other fine
things,-

Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
And what do you think I made of his tail?
'Twas forty fine shipping as ever sot sail,
Some long-boats and barges and other fine things,
Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
And what do you think I made of his scales?
'Twas forty fine blacksmiths as ever made nails,
Some carpenters and masons and other fine things,-
Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
And what do you think I made of his guts?
Some forty pretty maidens and fifty great sluts,
Some kitchen maids and chamber maids and other
fine things,-

Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
'Tis fizzlecum fizzlecum jig,

A long-tail sow and a short-tail pig. GEORGE DAVIS CHASE. Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. THE CEDILLA. This well-known mark (which signifies little zeta and takes the place of cz) is used in French words under the letter c when followed by one of the vowels a, o, or u, to indicate that it has the soft sound, as before e, i, or y. We do not use it in English, presumably because there is no exception to being hard (formerly its universal force) before a, o, or u But, oddly enough, the the Encyclopaedic Dictionary' inserts it where c is followed by e, i, or, in which cases it is not necessary even in French. W. T. LYNN.

Blackheath.

for the verb t. full is Low Latin folare, to smooth, bleach, &c.

large Kensington houses that foulard is not I have learnt from the buyers of two made of silk proper, but of a certain refusethis undergoes a process of pressure similar part of the cocoon known as "shap"; that to that by which waste wool is converted into "shoddy," and that the material is finally highly calendered. It may be questioned whether these particulars would apply to the old as well as to the variety of modern productions called "foulard."

Since communicating the above I have seen the remark in Littré that, considering the lack of historical evidence, it cannot be determined whether this word comes from some Oriental term or from fouler.

ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.

[The 'H.E.D.' merely says adopted from Fr. foulard.]

LYNOLD FAMILY.-One of the persons who
witnessed the aurora borealis in 1639 was
These notes about him may be useful.
Mr. Edmund Lynold, at Healing (ante, p. 242).

In 1631 John Clarke, of Lincoln, edited the 'Colloquies' of Erasmus, and at the end of the volume was added a "lusus anagrammaticus" on Erasmus's name by "Edmundus Lynold, de Heling, Lincoln " (ed. 1727).

In 1634 "Edmund Lyneold" was suspended from the ministry by the High Commission for refusing to conform (S. R. Gardiner, History of England, 1603-42,' vol. x., 1884, p. 224).

There are marriage licences at Lincoln: 1606, 31 July, Wm. Dale, parson of South Stoke, and Anne, daughter of John Lynold, "clk decd," of Healing; and 1614, 30 June, cilla Linolde, of Healing, spr" (Gibbons, Walter Allen, rector of Withcall, and "PrisLincoln Marr. Lic.,' 1888, pp. 20, 38).

W. C. B.

JOHN GAUDEN: EDWARD LEWKNOR. - In its memoir of Bishop Gauden the 'D.N.B.' says that in 1630 he was already married to and widow of Edward Lewknor. But this is Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Russell impossible, as Edward Lewknor did not die till December, 1634. The Denham register is Lewknor was recently sold among the Raynmy authority. A portrait of this Edward ham portraits at Christie's, lot 152. But he was wrongly described in the sale catalogue Lord Townshend. He was her father, and she as brother to Mary, first wife of Horatio, was an only child. S. H. A. H.

"FOULARD."-In Larousse's dictionary the origin of the word foulard (" étoffe de soie de la famille des taffetas," &c.) is stated to be unknown. I had always supposed it to be derived from fouler, to press, to trample on, &c., this make of silk being so soft and uncreasable that it can be rumpled and even squeezed with impunity; but it occurs to me that another signification of fouler-i.e., to mill (cloth, &c.), to full-might be more to the point. From Webster's Dictionary and from Chambers's Encyclopædia,' I gather that the essential of the fulling process is pressure, whether by beating with mallets or, as of later years, by mangling between rollers, the "WENTWORTH": ITS LOCAL PRONUNCIATION. object being to shrink and thicken the cloth.-PROF. SKEAT alludes (ante, p. 229) to the One of the equivalents (?) offered in Webster fact that "Winta's worth has become Went

worth." It may appropriately be added that the name is still pronounced locally Wint'orth. In 1887 an exhibition in honour of Queen Victoria's jubilee was opened at Elsecar by H.R.H. the Duchess of Teck. After the ceremony I inquired my way to Wentworth, and when about a mile away inquired again, this time of a lad about twelve years old. He denied all knowledge of the place. I then asked him whether he was not, like myself, a stranger in the locality, to which he replied that he had always lived thereabouts. "Then," said I, "you must know, surely, where Earl Fitzwilliam lives." His face at once beamed with intelligence as he said, "Oh, yo meean Wint'orth," and followed up by directions which were all that one could wish. This is but one of many instances which might be adduced of the persistence in the local dialect of the pronunciation as recorded in Domesday. E. G. B.

Queries.

We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct.

"PART AND PARCEL."-The earliest example of this locution as yet sent to us for the 'Dictionary' is of 1837, "this being part and parcel of my present subject." I have little doubt that much earlier instances can be furnished, and shall be obliged to any reader of 'N. & Q.' who will send them. Address Dr. Murray, Oxford. J. A. H. M.

PASSIM.-When did this Latin adverb begin to be used in English context, after names of authors or books? We greatly want examples before the nineteenth century. One would expect to find it in the eighteenth century, and perhaps in the seventeenth; but the 'Stanford Dictionary' has it only from 1803. J. A. H. MURRAY.

PASSING-BELL.-The Sixty-seventh Canon directs," When any is passing out of this life, a bell shall be tolled, and the Minister shall not then slack to do his last duty." Dr. Johnson explains "Passing - bell" as "The bell which rings at the hour of departure, to obtain prayers for the passing soul: it is often used for the bell which rings immediately after death." Is the passing-bell as thus defined now rung anywhere? And is the name "passing-bell" commonly given to the bell rung after death?

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FRANÇOIS VIVARÈS. J'ai l'honneur de faire appel à l'intermédiaire de votre estimable journal pour obtenir, s'il est possible, des renseignements relativement à une étude historique que je poursuis. Elle a pour objet la vie et les œuvres du graveur François Vivarès, qui, né en France en 1709, passa en Angleterre à l'âge de dix-huit ans et vécut à Londres jusqu'en 1780. L'œuvre de cet artiste est très considérable, et a eu une influence décisive sur l'orientation, en Angleterre, de l'art de la gravure, qui a atteint dans votre pays un degré de perfection si remarquable.

Je suis suffisamment documenté sur l'œuvre de Fr. Vivarès. J'ai le catalogue complet de ses planches et un certain nombre de ses gravures. J'ai le catalogue de la vente de son fonds, après sa mort, et j'ai relevé toutes les notices biographiques qui ont paru à son sujet dans les ouvrages anglais et étrangers.

Ce que je cherche aujourd'hui, ce sont les renseignements inédits qui pourraient me de l'artiste et le suivre dans sa descendance. faire pénétrer plus avant dans la vie privée Peut-être existe-t-il de pareils documents, soit sous forme de correspondances manuscrites, de mémoires non publiés, &c. Peutêtre se trouvent-ils dans des bibliothèques publiques ou privées dont il serait possible de les faire sortir dans l'intérêt de l'histoire de l'art.

Puisque votre journal a pour but principal l'étude des problèmes de ce genre, je pense que je ne suis pas indiscret en m'adressant à lui et à votre obligeance.

12, Rue de Berne, Paris.

HENRY VIVAREZ.

NELSON AND WOLSEY.-Is it possible that the greatest of English naval commanders is buried in a second-hand sarcophagus? It appears so, for the tomb at St. Paul's is said to be that of Cardinal Wolsey. BRUTUS.

BASS ROCK MUSIC.-James Ray, of Whitehaven, took part in the battle of Culloden as a volunteer serving under the Duke of Cumberland. On the northward march in January, 1746, he records in his letters that "we had a fine view of Tantallon Castle and the Bass Rock, whence the Scots derive their march on the drum." This must mean that his soldiering experience in Flanders and elsewhere had made Ray familiar with a military air used in the Scots regiments and named after the Bass Rock. Can any reader say whether this air has survived, or whether there is any other record of it? It has been suggested to the querist by a military author, Col. Greenhill-Gardyne, of Finavon, Forfar

shire, that Ray, being an Englishman, may have confused the Bass with the rock of Dumbarton, and been thinking about the old air :

Dumbarton's drums beat bonnie, O,
Aud mind me o' my Johnnie, O.
The gallant officer believes this to have been
the march of the Royal Scots, that oldest of
regiments, but he fancies that the drums
were those of a Mr. Dumbarton, who was
colonel of the regiment when the air was
composed. It would certainly be odd if the
Royal Scots named their march after a rock
in the Lennox instead of one in the Lothians,
with which they were and are territorially
associated. It would be very interesting if a
'Bass Rock March' could be disinterred that
I would lilt to the ballad commemorating the
famous fight which took place upon the sea
beside the Bass Rock in 1489, between Sir
Andrew Wood, of Largo, and the sturdy
English captain Sir Steven Bull, of which
the final verse is :-

The battle fiercely it was focht
Near to the craig o' Bass:
When next we meet the English loons,
May nae waur come to pass!

GEORGE LAW.

ENGRAVINGS.-I have recently bought four steel engravings very fine work, in old oak frames, as follows:

"No. 17. The North View of Mettingham Castle and College in the County of Suffolk. Inscribed to Tobias Hunt, Esq. San1 and Nath' Black, del. et sculp. Published according to Act of Parliament, March 25th, 1738."

"No. 22. South East View of Caer-Phily Castle, in the County of Glamorgan. Inscribed to Herbert, Viscount Windsor and Baron Mountjoy. Sam' and Nath Black, del. et sculp. Publisht according to Aet of Parliament, April 5th, 1740."

"No. 38. South Eastern View of Brecknock Castle. Inscribed to William Morgan, Esq. Sam' and Nath' Black, del. et sculp. Published according to Act of Parliament, March 25th, 1741."

No. 73. North East View of Caernarvon Castle. With explanatory notes. Sam and Nath Black, del. et sculp. Published according to Act of Parliament, Ap1 9th, 1742."

Can your readers tell me where I could obtain others of the series? Were Samuel and Nathaniel Black famous for their work? What does "publisht according to Act of Parliament" mean? I shall be glad of any information relating to this series of fine steel engravings.

BLANCHE HULTON.

Astley House, Bolton, Lancashire.

ADMIRAL DONALD CAMPBELL.-This British officer was in the Portuguese service 17971805, and in the latter year gave important information to Lord Nelson as to the direction the French fleet had taken, viz., the

West Indies. In consequence of Campbell's action he lost his position, and died shortly after. Can any of your readers refer me to any work giving a detailed account of his services, or say whether the British Government ever compensated his widow and family, who suffered distress? I should also be glad to know particulars of his parentage.

ALAISTER MACGILLEAN.

ARMS OF POPE PIUS X.-At 6th S. vi. 81 a very interesting list of the coats of arms was given by MR. EVERARD GREEN, F.S.A., of the Popes from Innocent III. to Leo XIII, covering, therefore, the period from 1198 to 1903. Could this now be completed by a description of the coat of Pius X.?

A. F. R.

WYBURNE FAMILY.-This family, residing in the county of Cumberland, bore Sable, three bars between as many mullets or. Í shall be much obliged by information whether any descendants are living in Cumberland or in the North of England. H. D. E.

"STAT CRUX DUM VOLVITUR ORBIS" is quoted in the Month for March last, p. 150. Is the author known or where it first occurs? N. M. & A.

OXFORD MEN SENT TO THE TOWER.-I shall be much obliged to any one who will give me the names and college of the persons to whom reference is made in a letter from Bp. Quadra to the Duchess of Parma, dated 15 November, 1561 (Cal. S. P. Span., Eliz.,' vol. i. No. 143), as follows:

"Two days ago six young Oxford students were thrown into the Tower of London. They were brought before the Council on a charge of having resisted the Mayor, who had gone to take away the crucifix from their college chapel," &c. The Register of the Acts of the Privy Council from 12 May, 1559, to 28 May, 1562, is unhappily lost. Is not such interference of the Mayor in a university matter most unusual?

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

could supply an interpretation (which has "FOLEIT."-Perhaps some of your readers been sought vainly in Dufresne's, FennellStanford's, and other dictionaries) of the word foleit, occurring in a Barnstaple merchant's inventory of 1413 (Escheator's Inquisitions, file 659), thus: "unu kercher & unu foleitu' de Cotyn, ijs. ; duo foleit' de Northefolke, xviid......unu foleit' de Straubury clothe, 14 ob." If from Lat. foliatus, one could fancy its describing some scalloped or quasi-leaf-shaped fichu or shawl; but it might, perhaps, be traced instead to a L. Latin word that I find in Webster's Dictionary

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RALEGH PORTRAIT.-Two portraits of Sir Walter Ralegh engraved by Simon Pass are included in the list of the latter's works in Walpole's 'Anecdotes of Painting,' &c. (1876), iii. 145-6. The first is thus described: "Sir Walter Raleigh in an oval, arms and devices. Sim. Pass sculps. Comp. Holland exc. Oval 4to," and is to be found in Ralegh's 'History of the World,' from the third (1617) edition to the tenth (1687). The second is simply another of Sir Walter Raleigh"; noted as but in Granger's Biographical History of England' (ed. 1824, ii. 140) it is stated to bear the inscription "Fortunam ex aliis." I have been unable to meet with an example of the latter, and should feel greatly obliged for any information where a copy of it could be T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.

seen.

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Salterton, Devon. JESSAMY BRIDE.-Can of your any readers tell me what is the meaning of the above name, which was given by Goldsmith to Miss Mary Horneck? F. E. S.

[The History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy,' 3 vols., 1753, was written by Mrs. Eliza Haywood. Pepys talks of jessamy gloves, 15 Feb., 1668/9. See N. & Q.,' 8th S. xi. 148, 213; and Austin Dobson's 'Life of Goldsmith,' pp. 154-5.]

JAMES BRINDLEY. Can any reader of 'N. & Q' tell me where James Brindley, the engineer, was born, when he died, and where he was buried? Does any illustration of his birthplace exist? and, if so, where is it to be found? J. R. FINCH.

[Neither Smiles nor the D.N.B.' seems to supply the information you seek.]

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EARLY MS. MENTION OF SHAKESPEARE.— In Malone's 'Inquiry,' 1796, p. 67, is the following foot-note :

"Venus and Adonis,' 16mo, 1596.-This poem was entered on the Stationers' Books, by Richard Field, April 18, 1593; and I long since conjectured that it was printed in that year, though I have never seen an earlier edition than that above quoted, which is in my possession. Since 1 published that poem (in 1790] my conjecture has been confirmed, beyond a doubt; the following entry having been found in an ancient MS. diary, which some time since was in the hands of an acquaintance of Mr. Steevens, by whom it was communicated to me: 12th of June, 1593. For the Survay of Fraunce, with the Venus and Athonay pr Shakspere, xiid.""

Afterwards, as he states in a note to the second edition of his 'Shakespeare' (vol. xx. p. 9), Malone acquired a copy of the 1593 edition, the existence of which he had conjectured, but he now says nothing of the "ancient MS. diary." Under the circumstances it was not necessary that he should; it is, however, possible that he had come to have doubts of its existence. I have not been able to find any allusion to it by any subsequent writer, and it is absent from Ingleby's 'Centurie of Prayse' and from Furnivall's Fresh Allusions.' Is anything known of it? H. A. EVANS.

Begbroke, Oxon.

H. LAWRANCE, FANMAKER, PALL MALL.The Duke and Duchess of Gordon had a box at the King's Theatre for the opera season 1787-8. The fan used by the duchess was made by the above fanmaker. I shall be glad to learn whether the ancestors of this MITCHEL & FINLAY, BANKERS.-This firm fanmaker were in any way connected with is mentioned, in letters written early in the the Buchan district, Aberdeenshire, where eighteenth century, as near the Post Office, the above way of spelling Lawrance was The first person I London. I should be glad to know how long once extremely common. it existed and the name of the senior partner. have come across in history to use it either The junior was Robert Finlay, who married, as a Christian name or a surname was Law29 July, 1707, at St. Audoen's, Dublin, Kathe-rance Fraser, of Philorth, Fraserburgh, circa rine, eldest daughter of Alderman Thos. Please send answers relating to the Somerville, of Dublin (by Katherine King above or any Lawrances connected with his wife), and had issue James, Katherine, Aberdeenshire to ROBERT MURDOCH LAWRANCE. &c. Robert Finlay's address in 1709 and 71, Bon-Accord Street, Aberdeen. subsequently appears to have been "Shelburne Lane, n' ye Post Office, London."

CHARLES S. KING, Bt.

GOOD FRIDAY AND LOW TIDES.-At St. Mary's, Scilly, it is firmly believed that

1498.

WHITE TURBARY. Could any of your readers give me the botanical name of white turbary? A name for it in Lancashire is dewon. W. E. S.

Beplies.

"OUR LADY OF THE SNOWS."

(10th S. i. 246.)

THOSE who refer to Kipling's poem should not omit the "the." I believe that "Notre Dame des Nieges" is the dedication of some chapels among the mountains in Switzerland, but I do not know whence Kipling got the title. He told me, however, that it had been floating in his mind for some time before the occasion for the verses arose. The facts of their composition constitute so remarkable an illustration of his genius as to be worth mention, and I think he will not mind their narration.

of Santa Maria Maggiore, or Saint Mary Major.

The French expression "Notre Dame des Nieges" or "Sainte Marie des Nieges" is "Maria zum equivalent to the German Schnee," the Italian "La Madonna della Neve,' and the Spanish "Maria de las Nieves." The last was the baptismal name of the princess of Braganza who in 1871 became the wife of Alphonso de Bourbon, brother of Don Carlos, and no doubt the motive of her being so called was the fact that she was born on 5 August (1852), the day of the dedication of the said basilica, which in the Roman kalendar was observed as a feast of St. Mary under the above title. It is of interest to note further that it was not owing to her complexion, but to her baptismal name of Maria de las Nieves, that this Spanish princess was popularly known as Doña Blanca.

The news of the Canadian diminution of the duty on imports from England arrived one Saturday morning. I was then staying at Torquay, and Kipling, who was living near, came over the following Monday mornThe pious legend to which the "pretty ing. He spoke of the Canadian action, and phrase" no doubt owes its origin is given said that, while cycling the day before, some in extenso in the Roman Breviary for the lines had come into his mind about it, but he Nones of August. There it is related how had not written them down. He recited one John, a Roman patrician, and his wife, them to me, and said that he thought of having a large fortune, but no children to working them up for a week or two and then inherit it, vowed their wealth to the service publishing them. I urged him to do so at once, of the Mother of God. They were, however, while the subject was fresh in the mind of at a loss to know how best to dispose of it. the public (we were sitting in a garden looking After they had sought Divine guidance in over the bay towards the west). He said, prayer, the Virgin Mary is said to have will come to your rooms, then, and write them appeared to each separately in sleep, as also out." He did so, and then read them, dis- to the reigning Pontiff, Pope Liberius, and to cussed a line or two, made a few alterations, have made it clear to them that she desired wrote them out again, put them in an that the money should be devoted to the envelope for the Times, and dismissed them from his mind. After lunch I sent them off building of a church in her honour. On the same night, though it was August, snow fell by train; they appeared in the Times next on the Esquiline hill. This occurrence was morning, and the same evening, having been taken to be a supernatural indication of the telegraphed to Canada, were recited there at site chosen. The plan of the church was a meeting of, I think, the Imperial League. marked out in the snow as it lay on the The verses seem to me a marvellous example ground, "deep and crisp and even," and the of work struck off while the iron is still glow-church' was commenced forthwith. It was ing on the anvil, their spirit breathing the warmth of feeling which inspired them, and their form more effective than that which any hammering at the cold metal could produce. The Canadian objection to their title is surely an instance alike of ingratitude and of perverted over-sensitiveness.

WILLIAM R. GOWERS, M.D.

The phrase is at least seven or eight centuries old, and the title of "Our Lady of the Snow (or Snows)" is known to every wellinformed Catholic.

"Sancta Maria ad Nives" is one of the several titles given in the course of ages to the great basilica in Rome dedicated to Our Lady, and now generally known as that

at first known in history as the Liberian Basilica; it was later on practically rebuilt and dedicated to the Mother of God-by Sixtus III. It may be conjectured that it was in connexion with this dedication that the aforesaid legend sprang up, but apparently not for some hundreds of years afterwards. Be this as it may, however, the truth of the legend seems to lack any solid evidence in its support. (Cf. 'The Holy Year of Jubilee,' by the Rev. H. Thurston, S.J., pp. 197 et seqq.)

In the thirteenth century the feast of S. Maria ad Nives was not universally observed in the Church; on the other hand, before the time of Paul IV. in 1558 the feast

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