Wad Close.-A dialectic form of woad, a plant used for dying. This spot has perhaps been a place where woad has been grown. It was a crop very exhausting to the land, and tenant farmers were often prohibited from growing it. In many old leases a covenant is found making the growth of "woad, otherwise called wad," penal. EDWARD PEACOCK. Wickentree House, Kirton-in-Lindsey. THE WYKEHAMICAL WORD "TOYS" (9th S. xii. 345, 437, 492; 10th S. i. 13, 50).-I should like to thank PROF. SKEAT for the opinion which my solicitation (at the third reference) induced him to express (at the fourth) upon the various derivations assigned to this word. The question, When did the word come into use at Winchester? may perhaps be material to the question, What is its true origin? and for this reason I offer the following evidence that the word was already current among the boys in 1771. I have a manuscript copy of a series of letters written during 1770 and 1771 by a "commoner" to his brother who was absent from the school on account of illhealth, and the following passage occurs in one of these letters, which is dated Winton, 30 June, 1771 : "The mice have found means to get into the well of your under Toys; and to make a little havock with some of your Papers: your upper Toys I found open, nothing is missing as I can find except the sixth Volume of Pope's Works." I imagine that the writer meant by "upper Toys" the cupboard which formed the upper part of his brother's bureau, and that this bureau was similar to the bureaux which are sketched in the illustration at p. 20 of Wordsworth's 'The College of St. Mary Winton near Winchester' (1848), and at p. 226 of Walcott's William of Wykeham and his Colleges (1852). (See also the picture of 'Seventh Chamber' in Radclyffe's 'Memorials of Winchester College.') Mr. R. B. Mansfield, no doubt, had bureaux of this kind in his mind's eye when he penned his definition of "toys" which I cited at the third reference. These simple movable bureaux have now been superseded at Winchester generally, if not entirely, by fixed furniture of a somewhat more complex character. The word "toys" has been transferred to this furniture, and accordingly a boy's "toys" now mean, as a rule, certain fixed furniture which has been allotted to him for his own use. Specimens of the old bureaux, however, still exist, and one of them is preserved in the college museum. The mere fact that space is occupied by the furniture allotted to each boy does not justify acceptance of the derivation of "toys" from "Fr. toise-a fathom," which is offered by the authors of the useful book mentioned at the last reference. They give no historical evidence pointing to a connexion between "toys" and toise, and until some evidence of the supposed connexion has been given, it seems prudent to abstain from regarding this derivation as satisfactory. In view of PROF. SKEAT'S suggestion that the word may be only "a peculiar use of the common E. toy," I venture to quote the followItaly' (Hurd's edition of Addison's 'Works,' ing passage from Addison's 'Remarks on vol. ii., 1811, p. 167) : fusion of wealth laid out in coaches, trappings, "One cannot but be amazed to see such a protables, cabinets, and the like precious toys, in which there are few princes in Europe who equal them." This passage is cited in the Century Dictionary,' vol. vi., under "toy," with a reference to Bohn's edition of Addison, i. 504. H. C. SADLER'S WELLS PLAY ALLUDED TO BY WORDSWORTH (10th S. i. 7, 70).-It may interest H. W. B. to know that in an unpublished letter from Mary Lamb to Dorothy Wordsworth, postmarked 11 July, 1803, is this passage: and his sister to Sadlers Wells, the lowest and most "We went last week with Southey and Rickman London-like of all (of] any London amusementsthe entertainments were 'Goody Two Shoes,'' Jack the Giant Killer,' and Mary of Buttermere'! poor Mary was very happily married at the end of the piece, to a sailor her former sweetheart-we had a prodigious fine view of her father's house in the vale and a lake like nothing at all-if you had been of Buttermere-mountains very like large haycocks, with us, would you have laughed the whole time like Charles and Miss Rickman or gone to sleep as Southey and Rickman did.” E. V. LUCAS. RICHARD NASH (9th S. xi. 445; xii. 15, 116, 135, 272, 335, 392, 493; 10th S. i. 32). The confusion over the so-called Chesterfield epigram has arisen mainly from the fact that there was always (at least for more than one hundred and fifty years) a statue, as now, of Beau Nash in the Bath Pump Room, but no picture of him. It was natural that some should conclude that the correct reading was "the statue (not picture) placed the busts between." The lines were, however, written before the statue was carved. When a second assembly room was opened on the Terrace Walk (called, after the lessee, "Wiltshire's") in 1729-30, it was adorned, it is believed, with a full-length portrait of Nash (then in the height of his popularity), which was supported by the busts of Newton and Pope, the latter being at the time a frequent visitor. The old Egyptians hid their wit To give men pains to search for it His knowledge gives mankind new light, Pope is the emblem of true wit, Nash represents man in the mass, The picture placed the busts between Bath. W. T. portrait at Eton of Rous in his robes as 'CONSTANTINE PEBBLE" (9th S. xii. 506; 10th S. i. 33).-A really excellent illustration and description of the above are to be found under the heading of 'On Cromlechs' on p. 64, vol. vi. of the Saturday Magazine for 14 February, 1835. It commences : "The accompanying engraving exhibits a view of an insulated rock, popularly termed a Cromlech, standing on a moor in the parish of Constantine, in Cornwall, and called by the people of the country 'The Tolmen.' The article concludes : "The Tolmen points due north and south, is 33 feet in length, 18 feet in width in the widest part, and 14 feet 6 inches in depth, 97 feet in circumference, and is calculated by admeasurement to contain 750 tons of stone." Bradford. CHAS. F. FORSHAW, LL.D. ERROR IN 'POLIPHILI HYPNEROTOMACHIA' (10th S. i. 4).-The error which MR. ELIOT HODGKIN has noticed in some copies of this work appears also in the Grenville copy in the British Museum (G. 10564), in which the clumsy alteration obtrudes itself very unpleasantly upon the eye. I do not know whether MR. HODGKIN has seen this copy. S. J. ALDRICH. New Southgate. PENRITH (10th S. i. 29).-The editorial note says, "Penrith is still pronounced Perith in CARDIGAN AS A SURNAME (10th S. i. 67).— the North." As a North-Countryman, I Is it a surname ? On the contrary, it seems should like to point out that those letters to exist only as a territorial title. If G. H. W. do not in these days, and especially in the refers to the earldom, the pedigree is, of South, sufficiently represent the pronun- course, in Burke. But it only goes back to ciation. Peerith would be better. By-the- the wedding, early in the eighteenth century, by, is Perth (pronounced very similarly in of a Bruce with a Lord Cardigan of another Scotland) a name of the same origin and meaning? In the same direction it might be noted that "Peercy is the spelling in many ancient Northern documents of the old surname Percy (e.g., "the Peercy Fee," &c.); and presumably "Peercy" would not be pronounced as we usually now pronounce Percy. BALBUS. ROUS OR ROWSE FAMILY (9th S. xii. 487; 10th S. i. 55).-For Speaker Francis Rous see also 'D.N.B.' and the Rev. Douglas Macleane's History of Pembroke College' (Oxford Historical Society, 1897, pp. 291-6), whereat he founded the existing Eton Scholarship. The College possesses a half-length portrait of him, in which he is represented wearing a tall wide-brimmed hat. There is another family. D. SALEP OR SALOP (9th S. xii. 448). — The vending of "saloop," as it was more generally called, among the street-barrow men of London, is now, I think, quite an extinct calling. Its use began to be superseded by tea and coffee about the year 1831, up to which time it had supplied the humble needs of the early wayfarers in the same way that coffee does now. It was when coffee became cheaper, with all its accessory adulterations, that it began entirely to displace saloop. See Henry Mayhew's 'London Labour and the London Poor,' 1851, vol. i. p. 191 seq. The beverage was originally made from salep, the roots of Orchis mascula, a common plant of our meadows, the tubers of which, being cleaned and peeled, are lightly browned in an oven. It was much recommended in the MR. CLARK will find a good deal about this concoction in the new edition of Yule's 'Anglo-Indian Glossary,' s.v. 'Saleb,' where references are given to articles in 'N. & Q.' W. CROOKE. on its modern use. "LOST IN A CONVENT'S SOLITARY GLOOM (10th S. i. 67) is to be found in Pope's 'Eloisa R. ENGLISH. to Abelard,' 1. 38. [MR. YARDLEY also refers to Pope.] BIRCH SAP WINE (9th S. xi. 467; xii. 50, 296; 10th S. i. 18).-William Simpson, of Wakefield, in his 'Hydrologia Chymica,' 1669, p. 328, writes: - "If you wound a branch of the birch tree, or lop the bole thereof, in March, if it be done below, near the ground, the latex thence issuing is a mere insipid water; but if a branch of about 3 fingers thickness be wounded to the semidiameter thereof, and fill'd with wooll, it weeps forth a subacid liquor in great abundance, insomuch that in one day such a wounded branch may give 8 or 10 pound of that liquor: concerning the vertue whereof Helmont saith, Qui in ipso lithiasis tormento solatur afflictos, tribus quatuorve cochlearibus assumptis, viz. that it gives help, in the torments of the stone, being taken to the quantity of three or four spoonfulls: which he saith is balsamus lithiasis merus." Miscellaneous. W. C. B. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. THE Senior Bursar of St. John's has here continued This was an infructuous time in Cambridge history, and these admissions include no names of the highest mark; still they do not fail to interest us a good deal. Looking for men associated with Many singular characters appear in these pages, An odd forgotten worthy is Dr. John Brown, the author of 'Barbarossa,' a play for which Garrick wrote Prologue and Epilogue, and a book on the manners of the times which in 1757 went through seven editions. His reputation for organizing education was such that he was engaged to go to Russia by the Empress, and given 1,000, for the journey, which his ill-health prevented. There were very serious people about in these days, too, such as the Hulse of various theological benefactions to the University, who left a will of nearly four hundred pages of closely written manuscript! Next to Horne Tooke, on whom there are three pages of excellent notes, comes Stephen Fovargue, who in 1770 horsewhipped and kicked a "Jip," as Cole spells it. The Jip died, and Fovargue absconded to France, and played the violin in the streets of Paris as a beggar. Finally, in 1774 he returned "to Cambridge in long dirty ruffles, his hair tied up with a piece of pack-thread, and in a sailor's jacket, and yellow trousers," and was acquitted on the deposition of various doctors, as the college servant had been in ill-health for some time What romance and before being maltreated. adventure such careers, illuminated by the admirable collections of Cole, Nichols, and others, and the exemplary research of the editor of this Register, afford may be guessed from our quotations. We wish that other great foundations of Oxford and Cambridge would imitate that of St. John the Evangelist in the zealous collection of materials growing every day harder to find. Songs of the Vine, with a Medley for Maltworms. Selected and edited by William G. Hutchinson. (Bullen.) THE parentage of this volume constitutes a voucher for its merits. Selected by Mr. Hutchinson, and published by Mr. Bullen, taste and judgment have presided over its birth, and it is the most enjoyable work of its class to which the enlightened and sympathetic student may turn. Ale and beer songs we have in plenty; but we know not where else to point to so stimulating a collection of bacchanalian lyrics. Not only Mr. Bullen, but the late W. E. Henley has assisted in the task of selection. The opening poem consists of the immortal drinkingsong assigned somewhat dubiously to Walter Mapes. From this, however, one or two stanzas, especially that beginning Magis quam ecclesiam diligo tabernam, disappear, a matter of which we do not complain, but for which we are sorry. Leigh Hunt's familiar translation is given. Much of this is good. Would not the following be a better rendering of the first stanza? In a tavern I propose to end my days a-drinking, With the wine-stoup near my hand to seize when I am sinking; That celestial choirs may sing, sweet angel voices linking, God be merciful to one who drank well without shrinking. The credit of writing the famous "Back and side go bare" is withdrawn from Bishop Still; but the Rev. John Home, of Douglas' fame, is responsible for the praise of claret, and the Rev. John Blacklock, D.D., for that of punch, while Dean Aldrich is credited with the five excellent Reasons for Drinking. Those who supply the remaining lyrics include Lyly, Shakespeare, Jonson, Herrick, Henry Vaughan, Congreve, Dr. Johnson, Sheridan, Goldsmith, Burns, Blake, Thackeray, and innumerable others, besides some few writers of later date. It is a fine collection, truly, almost the only really immortal lyric we fail to see being that concerning "All our men were very merry," which probably does not come into the scheme. A poem assigned to Thackeray, called 'Commanders of the Faithful,' | we knew very many years ago in a different form. Permission has been obtained to insert Sir Theodore Martin's (or Aytoun's) Dirge of the Drinker.' We repeat that for those to whom bacchanalian chants appeal the volume will bring unending delight. The Judicial Dictionary of Words and Phrases Judicially Interpreted. By F. Stroud. Second Edition. 3 vols. (Sweet & Maxwell.) SINCE the appearance in 1880, from the same publishers, of the first edition, Stroud's Judicial Dictionary' has been enlarged to thrice its original size. This is due in part to the amplification of materials. The augmentation of size may, how ever, be taken as a proof of the utility of a work which is, in its way, unique, and has, as its author justly observes, neither predecessor nor rival. Its first and most obvious appeal is to lawyers, to the more intellectual and philosophical among whom it is indispensable. Its aims extend, how ever, far beyond this limited circle, since it is sought to make it "the authoritative Interpreter of the English of Affairs for the British Empire.' Even here its utility does not end, and the philologist will do well to have it at his hand and consult it as a work independent of, even if supplementary to, accepted dictionaries. It is not a law lexicon, but a dictionary of words and phrases which have received interpretation by the judges. Not easy is it to convey to those who are unfamiliar with the work an idea of its nature and methods. A basis is to be found in works such as Cowel's Interpreter' and the like, but the general mass of information is derived from decisions in the various courts. A preliminary Table of Cases' occupies over one hundred and twenty closely printed pages in double columns, to which a 'Table of Statutes' adds some fifty pages more, other lists of abbreviations bringing the preliminary matter up to two hundred and twenty pages. Sometimes the information given is purely legal, as when, under 'Cheese,' we are told, with a crosscheese contains "no fat derived otherwise than reference to 'Margarine,' that what is known as from milk"; sometimes it seems arbitrary, as when always mean the whole crew. we find, under 'Crew,' that "the crew does not ." Sometimes, again, it is of widespread influence, as when we meet the many definitions of 'Crime. Often it is technical, as under headings such as 'Negative Pregnant'; sometimes, again, the information supplied is virtually negative, as when we hear that the word indecently' has no definite legal meaning," or learn that "negligence' is not an affirmative word," but is "the absence of such care, skill, and diligence as it was the duty of the person to bring to the performance of the work which he is said not to have performed." Any work that facilitates reference, and in so doing saves time, is of extreme importance, and in this respect, as in others, the present book should be found in every library of reference, private as well as public. The Collected Poems of Lord de Tabley. (Chapman & Hall.) THESE collected poems of John Byrne Leicester Warren, third and last Lord de Tabley, are issued without any form of preface or introduction beyond an inserted slip to the effect that a single poem, entitled Orpheus in Hades,' is reprinted from the Nineteenth Century by permission of Mr. [Sir] James T. Knowles. They include, presumably, all that is found worthy of preservation in the volumes issued respectively in 1859 and 1862 under the pseudonym of George F. Preston, and in 1863 and 1868 under that of William Lancaster, the anonymously published tragedies of Philoctetes' and 'Orestes,' and the verses subsequently given (1873, 1876) under the writer's own name. Their reappearance has been preceded by that of selections, which would, it might have been supposed, have sufficed for the requirements of the average reader. There is, however, a class-with which we sympathize-which, if it is to have a poet at all, asks for him in his entirety, and to this the present volume appeals. Lord de Tabley's poems are the products of a thoughtful, highly cultivated, and richly endowed mind, which at its best rises near inspiration. They have been sadly overpraised by writers who should know better, but who may be pardoned, perhaps, the desire to find in the dead level of mediocrity of modern verse some promise of better things, and they owe something to unconscious imitation of the best models. The subjects are largely classical, but are not treated in the conventional manner. It is curious, indeed, to encounter a tragedy with the title of Orestes' containing no mention of Pylades, Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, or Electra, and yet dealing with the slaying of a mother's paramour. In observation of nature Lord de Tabley is always at his best. Sometimes, as in The Nymph and the Hunter,' the subject of which is quasi-classical, he shows a fervid imagination. His style is frequently too elaborate, but his book deserves, and will receive, a welcome. On a Portrait of Sir John Suckling' (p. 277) is an interesting poem. To it is appended a foot-note making a promise which is nowhere fulfilled. The Cathedral Church of St. Patrick. By J. H. Bernard, D.D. (Bell & Sons.) To "Bell's Cathedral Series" has been added a volume on the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin, compiled by the Dean. In addition to the miscellaneous documents contained in the Dignitas Decani' which were used by Monck Mason in his History of St. Patrick's Cathedral,' the Patent Rolls and Papal Registers published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls have been laid under contribution, so that the volume is complete as regards historical information. In addition to illustrations from Monck Mason's monumental work, from Ware's Antiquities,' from Malton's Dublin,' and from Whitelaw's History of Dublin,' the work is enriched by photographic views, reissues of ancient prints, and reproductions of brasses, &c. A list of the Deans of St. Patrick's, from William FitzGuido in 1219 to the writer of the present volume, is appended. These, of course, comprise Philip Norris. 1457, excommunicated by Pope Eugenius IV.; William King, subsequently Archbishop; and Jonathan Swift. The bust of the last named in Carrara marble, presented in 1775 by a nephew of Alderman Faulkner, is also given. Swift's remains are buried in the nave. Of Stella, who is buried near Swift, the Dean says, "Her sad and strange history has never been fully revealed to the world, and her relations with the Dean [Swift] will, probably, always be a mystery." How to Decipher and Study Old Documents. By E. E. Thoyts (Mrs. John Hautenville Cope). (Stock.) TEN years have elapsed since the appearance of Mrs. Cope's useful and well-arranged volume (see 8th S. iv. 160), and a second edition is now forthcoming. For the young student it is probably the most serviceable work in existence. The old introduction of Mr. Trice Martin is reproduced. In her preface the author answers the objection we advanced in our previous notice against her second chapter on handwriting, and insists that a careful study of every line and letter is useful, a statement we are prepared to accept. We had, indeed, no notion then, nor have we now, of censure, the book for its purpose being entitled to high praise. We hope Mrs. Cope will long continue her labours, and sometimes, as she has done previously, favour us with the results. THE Record of the Summer Excursions of the Upper Norwood Athenæum for 1903 is full of interest. The places visited include Clandon and Merrow, when Mr. Charles Wheeler, the chairman for the year, conducted. The manor of West Clandon dates back to Edward II. The house was imparked in 1521, and in the days of Charles I. enlarged and improved by Sir Richard Onslow. "The present mansion was built by Thomas, the second Earl, in 1731, from designs by Giacomo Leoni, a Venetian." The next ramble was to Warnham Court, Mr. Henry Virgoe being the leader. The manor was held by William de Saye in 1272. Its present possessor is Mr. Charles T. Lucas. The party afterwards visited the new Christ's Hospital Schools at Horsham, erected at a cost of 300,000. The buildings contain "forty miles of hot-water pipes and ninety-eight miles of electric wires." Another place visited was Holmbury Camp, when Mr. T. H. Alexander read a paper. Mr. William Frederick Potter took the Church is remarkable for its nave, which "has the ramblers to Bexley Heath and Crayford. Crayford very singular plan of a row of columns and arches down the centre, abutting against the chancel arch." Mr. W. T. Vincent, the antiquary, of Woolwich, informed Mr. Potter "that he believes the only other example of this kind in England is in the church at Grasmere, Westmoreland." At Bexley the Red House. erected by William Morris in 1859, was visited. It was of this house that Rossetti wrote in 1862, "Above all, I wish you could see the house Morris has built for himself in Kent. It is a most noble work in every way, and more a poem than a house, such as anything else could lead you to conceive, but an admirable place to live in, too.' In another trip Mr. Frank E. Spiers conducted the last of his series of visits to Oxford. Mr. G. H. Quartermain's excursion was to Roydon and Nether Hall. Selsdon Park, as well as Redbourne and Hemel Hempstead, by the editors, form interesting papers, as also does Horton and Wraysbury,' by Mr. Theophilus Pitt, who has been chosen as the future editor of the annual transactions, to succeed Mr. J. Stanley and Mr. W. F. Harradence, who have ably edited the Record' during the past eleven years. We cordially wish the new editor like success. ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second com munication "Duplicate." STEER-HOPE ("Nelson's Signal").-See the authorities quoted at 8th S. xi. 405; xii. 9. H. CECIL BULL.-"Kismet" equals fate. For "Facing the music" see the articles in 8th S. ix., x. CORRIGENDA.-Ante, p. 18, col. 2, 1. 15, for "voiz” read voix. P. 65, col. 1, 1. 7 from foot, for "Janes" read James. NOTICE. Editorial communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Adver"The Pubtisements and Business Letters to lisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. |