fulfil the conditions of the treaty, that it was found 1814-1815. necessary to have recourse to compulsion, and Sir David Ochterlony was directed to advance through the great Saul forest to the foot of the pass of Buhiaki leading to Muckwanpore, which position he reached about the close of January 1816. From Muckwanpore Sir David Ochterlony sent accounts of his proceedings. It appears that he had been engaged in some severe contests with the Nepaulese, by whom the village in which the British forces were assembled was obstinately attacked. On the 3d March intelligence was received of the capture of the fortress of Hurriapore, which had been evacuated by the enemy, after they had been repulsed in a sally made with desperate bravery. On the 15th March 1816 the ratification of the treaty made in December 1815 was announced, which put an end to the war.

In February a force under Colonel East entered Cutch, and captured the fortress of Anjar. A treaty of alliance was entered into with the state of Cutch, and a detachment under Colonel Barclay was sent to Wagur, to reduce the uncivilized districts to the authority of the Rao of Cutch.

Cutch.

During the early part of the war with the Nepaulese, Mahrattas. an agreement appeared to have been entered into between Scindiah and the Nagpoor Rajah, for reducing the state of Bopaul: the measures adopted by the Governor-general counteracted the design.

At the same juncture, the proceedings of Bajee Rao at Poonah, towards the Guicowar in Guzerat, rendered the interposition of the British authority necessary to induce, on the part of the Paishwa, an abandonment of all right of interference with the Guicowar. Gungadhur Sastree, the prime minister of the Guicowar, who was opposed to the influence of the

1815-1816. Court of Poonah, was induced, with the countenance of the British Government, to proceed to Poonah for the purpose of compromising the Paishwa's claims.

Poonah.

At Poonah there was a worthless and profligate minister named Trimbuckjee Danglia, who possessed great influence with Bajee Rao. Through this misguided counsellor, the Paishwa began to feel the British influence as a restraint which he determined to throw off, with the view of restoring in his own person the Mahratta empire to its original splendour. The negociations for an adjustment of the differences between the two states proved fruitless, and the attempts to gain over the Sastree failing of success, Trimbuckjee determined to remove by violence a man whose existence was so inimical to his views and wishes; he accordingly per suaded the Sastree to accompany him to a temple, for the purpose of performing his devotions, where he was inhumanly murdered in the month of July 1815. It was fully apparent that the Paishwa was privy to the proceedings. Mr. Elphinstone, the resident at Poonah, demanded that Trimbuckjee should be given up. Negociations for that purpose were carried on till September, when he was delivered up, and sent to the fort of Tannah in Salsette, from whence he escaped on the 12th September 1816, and fled to the territories of the Paishwa, who was required to withhold from him all protection, but who professed entire ignorance of the place of his concealment.

Pindarries. In the latter part of 1815, the Pindarries, in two large bodies, crossed the Nerbudda and committed great devastations, passing through the valley of the Taptee and returning along the Godavry, making good their route to Nemawur with an immense booty collected from the Nizam's territory.

In February 1816 they planned the second expedition, and appeared in the district of Masulipatam on the 10th March. From this point they shaped their course southward, making a march the next day of thirty-eight miles, plundering ninety-two villages, committing in each the most horrid cruelties. On the 12th, after a similar march, they arrived at the civil station of Guntoor, where they plundered a considerable part of the town and houses of the civil officers. Such was

the dread entertained of those merciless ruffians, that the inhabitants of Aniavote, a village in the western district of Guntoor, on their approach unanimously resolved to sacrifice themselves and their families, rather than submit to the violation of their wives and daughters; and when their noble resistance was overpowered by the superior strength of their assailants, they applied the torch to their habitations, and perished, with their relations, in the general conflagration.

In December 1816 Lord Hastings determined on hos tilities, for the purpose of exterminating those lawless freebooters. The intention was made known to Scindiah. Opposition was anticipated on the part of Ameer Khan, and likewise a probable attempt of the Paishwa to counteract the measures of the Governor-general.

At the period of this determination, the unprovoked aggressions of Dya Ram and Bugwhunt Sing, Zemindars in the Dooab, who possessed the two very strong forts of Hatrass and Moorsaun, on the peaceable inhabitants of Agra, and the harbour which they afforded to thieves and robbers, and the total disregard of all the constituted authorities, induced the Supreme Government to resent their conduct, especially with reference

1816.

1816-1817. to the disposition which had been evinced by the Patan population in Rohilcund to rise in opposition to a regulation issued by Government.

Hatrass.

Poonah.

Hatrass was considered one of the strongest forts in India, and was kept in perfect repair. On the 11th February 1817 the place was invested by the forces under Major-General Marshall. After a fruitless negociation the siege was commenced on the 16th: the fortified town was taken on the 23d; approaches were then made to the fort. The works of the besiegers were completed on the 1st March, and on the following day forty-two mortars and three trenchingbatteries of heavy guns began to play on the fort. In the evening a magazine in the fort blew up. Dya Ram made his retreat in the darkness of the night, and the rest of the garrison surrendered. Bugwhunt Sing agreed to dismantle his fort at the first summons.

Early in March 1817, it was ascertained that Trimbuckjee, who had escaped from Tannah in September 1816, was in the Mahadeo hills, making extensive levies of troops and raising an insurrection in that quarter. The British resident, Mr. Elphinstone, demanded explanation from the Paishwa, who professed to have sent troops to quell the insurgents. The continued preparations of Bajee Rao determined the Resident to bring matters to an issue.

On the 3d May 1817, having heard of the insurrection in Cuttack and of the communications by dawk being cut off, he determined to wait till the 6th; when, not receiving further advice from the Governor-general, Mr. Elphinstone demanded the surrender of Trimbuckjee, also that three hill-forts should be delivered up as pledges for his being given up. Instructions were

received

received from Lord Hastings on the 16th May, and a 1817. treaty was concluded on the 7th June; by the first article of which Trimbuckjee Danglia was renounced. It was ratified by Lord Hastings on the 5th July.

On the 8th July 1817 Lord Hastings embarked a Pindarries. second time for the Upper Provinces. The objects of his Lordship's measures were the extermination of the predatory hordes of Pindarries from their haunts in Malwa, and a complete reform of the condition of central India (then "the arena of a general scramble "for dominion") by removing all inducements to predatory and ambitious adventure.

The Governor-general took the field on the 20th October 1817. The centre division of the grand army being assembled at Secunderabad, information was given to Scindiah of the intentions of the British Government; and a note was delivered to him in October 1817, remonstrating with him for having harboured the freebooters. Discussions took place, the result of which was a treaty signed on the 5th November 1817, and ratified on the following day, by which Scindiah engaged to afford every facility to the British troops in their pursuit of the Pindarries through his dominions, and to co-operate actively towards their extinction. He was to furnish 5,000 auxiliary horse for the service of the campaign; and his country and troops were accordingly to be regarded as those of an ally.

In the same month an engagement was entered into with Ameer Khan, by which the territories he held under grants from the Maharajah Holkar, were guaranteed to him; the British Government taking them under their protection, and Ameer Khan disbanding his army, with the exception of such portion as might

be