erimes? What religion could enjoin the execution of proceedings so contrary to decency and the decorum of respectable and distinguished families? Ah, Portuguese! to what a pass is your unfortunate country brought, under the dominion of fanaticism, hypocrisy, and despotism. Were it possible for your ancestors to rise from their graves, they would suddenly drop down dead at seeing the cradle of their victories transferred into such horrors.

You are worthy of a better fate. In your own hands is your happiness or your ruin. Follow my advice, Portuguese; it is given to you by a philanthropic and truly constitutional heart.

It is time that you should open your eyes, and all unite and stand by the oaths you have taken to the constitutional charter, and to the rights of your queen. By doing this, you will not only save your country, but likewise my brother, by defending the true throne and the true Roman Catholic and A postolical religion, conformably to the manner in which you swore to maintain it. Give not the victory, oh, Portuguese to the enemies of constitutional monarchical governments, who wish to see perjurers placed upon thrones, in order to strengthen their arguments against such forms of government. Far be it from me to call my brother a perjurer or a traitor: he acts, no doubt, under compulsion; and I consider, and shall consider him in this light, as long as the heads of the disorganizing faction do not leave Portugal. Portuguese; stand by the constitutional charter; it is not of foreign growth-it was granted to you by a constitutional king; and what evils has it brought upon you? Liberty, of which you

had only a promise before. Yes, Portuguese, bedew the tree of liberty with your blood, and you will see how it will flourish amongst you, and bear fruits, in despite of all intrigues and machinations. Do not suffer it to be assailed by the blows of perfidy and treason to the country that country which is already oppressed by the yoke of the most ferocious description. You are a free people-you form an independent nation; what more can you hope for? The governments of Europe support the legitimacy of your queen. Fight for her, and for the constitutional charter, and fear nought in the shape of obsta cles. Consider that the cause you are going to defend is the cause of justice, and that you are bound to it by an oath. The truth does not penetrate into the presence of your regent. Fanatics, hypocrites, demoralized, and despotic men, have blinded him. The imminent danger in which his life is placed makes him submit to this faction, the like of which has never been seen amongst the Portuguese people, which was ever free from the commencement of the monarchy, as the pages of its history prove. Follow the example of those ancient Por tuguese; approach your regent; speak to him very plainly and respectfully, as they spoke to the king Don Alfonso IV., and tell him, "By the path in which your highness suffers yourself to be led, you will inevitably plunge yourself into the deepest abyss; govern us conformably to the constitutional charter, which both your highness and ourselves have sworn to, and know that this is the only legiti mate course we choose to see adopted." If you do this, you will see that he, finding the Portuguese disposed to support him as consti

tutional regent, will withdraw himself from the shameful tutor age by which he is now ruled, and which would lead him to the precipice, from whence he can never recede with honour; and that he will throw himself into your arms, in order to govern you according to law, and render you happy. Aid him, Portuguese! otherwise he and you will become the victims of anarchy. My conscience is free

from remorse. I explain the truth to you: if you choose to follow it you will be happy; if not, you will find the most artful despotism raising its head amongst you, which you will never be able to crush again.

Rio de Janeiro, July 25. (Signed) PEDRO, Emperor.

FRANCISCO GOMEZ DA SILVA (A true copy)

Gentlemen Representatives, The government of the province of Buenos-Ayres, sees with the greatest satisfaction the opening of the seventh Legislative Assembly. At this moment are realized the hopes conceived on the first days of the Revolution; therefore it presents itself with the fullest confidence to salute the honourable representatives, and to give a faithful account of the affairs confided to its direction. Nevertheless, it is not possible to do so with the same minuteness as heretofore, the war having paralyzed a portion of the means of interior improvement; and for this reason, it can only speak of the most important points, as far as the actual state of the country will permit. Internal tranquillity has been the first object to which it directed its attention, satisfied that without that we should be condemned by the world, and be the derision of our enemies. Past experience has not been sufficient to convince us, that the formation of a state is subjected to the general laws of nature, in which nothing can arrive at perfection except slowly and progressively. The

government, acting upon this principle, applied itself to the extinction of discord and re-establishment of the quiet of the interior, under whose shade alone can flourish the real interests by which the nation must be hereafter united. It has the satisfaction to announce to you, that the result has corresponded with its hopes, and that reason has rarely obtained a triumph so easy and rapid in the midst of so much agitation. The government has cause to congratulate itself in the naming of the deputies who have acted in a negotiation so important. The provinces, in addition to having withdrawn their arms from civil war, have given them a more noble direction, and have named representatives to form a Convention in the city of Santa Fé, which will probably have the good fortune to lay the foundation of the national happiness.

The negotiations for peace with his majesty the emperor of Brazil, still continue, and there are wellfounded hopes that the day is not far distant in which the war will terminate satisfactorily; notwithstanding which, the government,

sensible that honour is the vital principle of nations, continues to support it at every sacrifice, until peace can be realized; and hopes that, should necessity require it, you will with pleasure make every necessary sacrifice. The nations of our continent continue to give us proofs of their good wishes, and great Britain renders us constantly the good offices of a true friend. The officers and forces by land and sea have displayed great constancy and bravery, and have obtained considerable advantages, which recommend them to the respect and gratitude of every good citizen. When it appeared that the war was at a stand, and that the armies of the two hostile powers faced each other, without either being able to advance, an intrepid chief, with a handful of Argentines, has recovered our old possessions of the "Misiones Orientales;" his force has been there increased, and the joy evinced by the inhabitants in returning to the bosom of the Republic, sufficiently proves the absurdity of conquest. The expedition from the north now marching to the same point, when united to the said force, will form a respectable army, the expense of which is inconsiderable, and which can easily combine its operations with the main army, and will prove the symbol of the concord and enthusiasm of the provinces.

The militia of the city and the country, which had been almost dissolved, and in a state of nullity, has been reorganized, and performs important services, enabling the troops' s of the line to be placed on the frontiers, and wherever their attentions may be called for in the foreign war. The new line of frontier is established: this undertaking, as desirable as it is im

portant, commenced under the most auspicious circumstances. The Indians, with whom the government continues the measures of peace and conciliation with the most happy effects, will no more commit depredations with impunity, and the immense acquisition of territory has doubled the guarantee of the public debt, so that this burden may be taken off in a short time, if it is found necessary. But the most important is, that in this establishment we have occupied the interesting position of White Bay (Bahia Blanca), which is surrounded with commodious harbours, agricultural land, and extensive woods. Its maritime coasts abound with fisheries, and some ports, enabling us to have hereafter a respectable marine, which will be the shield of the Republic. The communication to Chile by land, from the same point, is short and convenient; and the navigation of the Red River (Rio Colorado) will perhaps afford a more easy exportation of the produce of some of the interior provinces. The government has ordered the land to be surveyed, and to trace out the most proper place to erect a city, to be called the "New Buenos Avres." The importance to which' it is likely to arrive gives it a claim to so glorious a title. The zeal manifested in this undertaking, by all those charged with the execution of it, deserves the highest praise. Through the stagnation of our foreign commerce, that of the interior has rapidly increased, especially those capitals that have been applied to agricultural purposes, labourers being abundant, from the cessation of the impress

In the midst of all this, the establishment of public grammar schools for children in the city and

country required particular attention. The government took them into consideration, and having placed at the head of them an individual who is well known for his philanthropy, it has produced the desired effect. Private colleges and houses of education have begun to be established; the government encourages, by every means, this species of industry, the most useful for the country, and hopes that in a short time it will not be necessary for youths to cross the seas, seeking the treasure of science with the danger of losing those sentiments which alone can be cultivated in their native land. The ladies of the Benevolent Society have shown in the present year how much the nation is indebted to them for their assiduous efforts to forward education. The public schools continue in the same state that of San Miguel has improved. The works at the cathedral church, and of the high road to Ensenada, and the canal of San Fernando, are nearly completed. Many country towns have been assisted with funds to repair their churches, or to build new ones; and until, in process of time, our laws and customs be improved, a new prison for debtors is fitting up. The hospitals, especially that for women, receive important improvements; the government thus endeavouring to alleviate the sufferings of the unfortunate. The important establishment of vaccination has been augmented, and its utility has never been more felt than at this moment: whilst the neighbouring provinces are visited by the terrible scourge of the small-pox, it has scarcely been felt in this city, and the government has put in practice every means entirely to eradicate it.

VOL. LXX.

The liberty of the press has of late been greatly abused. Some ill-advised persons have carried its licentiousness to such an extent as to bring discredit upon the country among foreign nations, where it is not possible to know that such productions only produce here contempt for their authors. The law of the 8th of May has suppressed in part this licentious writing, and public opinion will by degrees banish it. The administration of justice requires a change, from which considerable advantages are expected. The government will have the honour of laying it before you for your consideration. Of all our domestic wants, none is more urgent than to fix, in a certain and positive manner, the basis of the national bank. This establishment, at present, requires the strongest guarantees; and to give them, it will be only necessary to act with prudence.

As the province of Buenos Ayres has provided exclusively the funds for the defence of the nation, it is but fair to state that when the present administration shall have been one year in office in August next, they will have expended 1,000,000 of dollars less than they had calculated upon; after having discharged enormous outstanding debts, established the frontier, clothed, armed, and paid the army and navy, paid for the transport and armament of the contingents from the provinces, provided the expenses of foreign affairs, and nearly all those of the convention, supplied the parks of artillery and magazines, having attended at the same time to the internal expense of the province. It is true that they have suspended for the present the payment of the interest upon the loan in London, and that this 2 F

dreadful measure was foreseen in making the above calculations, but it was one of those alternatives necessary to be taken, in order to avoid greater evils: the operation of issuing paper in Buenos Ayres to send gold to England would be like adding fuel to fire, and, in the end, would devour all. The government has the satisfaction to learn, by means of a respectable house in London, to whom it has confided the management of this affair, that the holders of the bonds have duly appreciated the circumstances of the country, not doubting that the government intends to (as it most certainly will) remit to them upon the first opportunity, the funds necessary for the fulfilment of its engagements. Every day proves the necessity of placing the direct taxes upon a solid foundation, and that the projects of law in that respect, submitted in the preceding session, should receive your sanction as soon as possible; the government on its part is prepared to give a new form to the mode of collection. The system of confiding to particular individuals in farming it out might be very well at the commencement, but now that more information has been obtained upon the subject, it will be advisable to administer it by persons permanently employed, with adequate salaries,

who can be promoted according to their merits.

The department of engineers, architects, and botanical garden, have been suppressed; as will be also other departments and ex penses, not because the government did not recognize their utility, taken in the abstract, but because they were in disproportion with its means to sustain them, and therefore served only as a vain appearance. The government, in this respect, despising any ephemeral popularity, will perform its duty. The expenses of the war have been reduced to the lowest possible amount. It can assure you that the charges, in this respect, upon the revenue is hardly one third of what might be expected.

Finally, gentlemen representatives, if a comparative view is taken of the present state of the province, and that in which it was in the month of August last year, it ought to be viewed as very satisfactory. The government confides in your enlightened and cordial co-operation, not only in sustaining the present institutions, but in advancing them to greater perfection. MANOEL DORREGO.

JOSE MARIA ROXAS. JUAN RAMON BALCARCE. To the Very Hon. Junta of Representatives of the Province of Buenos Ayres.

Washington Dec. 2.

The President of the United States transmitted this day to both Houses of Congress the following Message to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States :

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"Fellow Citizens of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives of the United States.

"If the enjoyment in profusion of the bounties of Providence forms a suitable subject of mutual con