believed he had the inherent right to sacrifice the lives of his followers in efforts to insure his individual safety. As soon as the Confederacy was overthrown-and it was virtually so when General Lee surrendered at Appomattox - Mr. Davis became a private citizen. Had he then wisely accepted that position and left the country (as General Breckinridge and Mr. Benjamin did, after the fall of General Johnston's army), using his own means to do so, and unbetrayed by official display, he would, undoubtedly, have escaped both capture and imprisonment, and would have been spared the stories circulated at the time, which, false though most of them were, went far to impair his dignity.

General Beauregard, in accordance with instructions from General Johnston, had again stopped all further movements of our troops, and informed the Federal officer commanding the 6th Corps, at or near Danville, that the truce had been resumed between the two contending armies. The following order was then published to the Confederate forces:

"General Orders, No. 18:

"HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF TENNESSEE, NEAR GREENSBORO, N. C., April 27th, 1865.

"By the terms of a military convention made on the 26th instant, by MajorGeneral W. T. Sherman, U. S. A., and General J. E. Johnston, C. S. A., the of ficers and men of this army are to bind themselves not to take up arms against the United States until properly relieved from that obligation, and shall receive guarantees from the United States officers against molestation by the United States authorities, so long as they observe that obligation and the laws in force where they reside.

"For these objects duplicate muster-rolls will be made immediately, and, after the distribution of the necessary papers, the troops will march, under their officers, to their respective States, and there be disbanded, all retaining personal property.

"The object of this convention is pacification to the extent of the authority of the Commanders who made it.

"Events in Virginia, which broke every hope of success by war, imposed on its General the duty of sparing the blood of this gallant army and saving our country from further devastation and our people from ruin.

"Official.

"KINLOCH FALCONER, A. A. G."

"J. E. JOHNSTON, General.

CHAPTER XLIX.

General Beauregard Completes his Last Official Duties.-Turns his Thoughts Homeward.-Names of the Officers Serving on his Staff.-His Efforts during the War to Obtain Promotion for Deserving Staff-officers.—His Telegram to General Cooper, April 28th.-General Cooper's Reply.-Promotion Demanded for other Meritorious Officers, but Granted for Two only. -Abandoned Box-car at the Depot at Greensboro' containing Confederate Archives.-General Beauregard Forwards it to Charlotte.-He Starts to Return Home on the 1st of May.-Expedients Employed to Defray his Expenses on the Journey.-Instance Given to Show the Patriotism of the Southern People.-General Beauregard Reaches Newberry, S. C., on May 5th. He bids Adieu to those Members of his Staff who were from South Carolina. His Parting Visit to Governor Pickens.--He Passes through Augusta, Atlanta, West Point, and Montgomery, reaching Mobile on the 19th.-Is Impressed by the Depression of the People.-How General Sherman could have been Checked and Defeated.-General Beauregard Avoids the Visits of Confederate Officers and Men while in Mobile.-Leaves for New Orleans.-Arrives on the 20th of May at the Pontchartrain End of the Railroad, Five Miles from the City.-Is Informed of Crowds Waiting to Greet him.-Endeavors to Avoid all Public Demonstrations.-Is Welcomed at every Step.-Reaches Home at Sunset.

As soon as the work of arranging and verifying the muster-rolls and other papers relative to the return of the troops to their respective States had been completed, General Beauregard, released from these sad but necessary duties, turned his thoughts to his own personal affairs and his approaching departure for Louisiana. He had, on the 27th of April, addressed an affectionate farewell letter to the officers of his personal and general staff, which we have already inserted in the biographical sketch immediately preceding the narrative of his military operations. We append We append a list of their names:

*

PERSONAL STAFF.

1. Lieutenant A. R. Chisolm, of South Carolina, A. D. C.

2. Lieutenant A. J. Toutant, of Texas, A. D. C.

* A complete list of the staff, and of all detached officers and men serving at General Beauregard's headquarters, up to the 1st of May, is given in the Appendi.

3. Captain R. T. Beauregard, of Louisiana, Acting A. D. C.

4. Cadet H. T. Beauregard, of Louisiana, Acting A. D. C.

5. Lieutenant-Colonel A. G. Rice, of South Carolina, Volunteer A. D. C.

6. Lieutenant-Colonel S. B. Paul, of Virginia, Volunteer A. D. C.

GENERAL STAFF.

1. Colonel George W. Brent, of Virginia, A. A. G.

2. Lieutenant-Colonel John M. Otey, of Virginia, A. A. G.

3. Lieutenant-Colonel Alfred Roman, of Louisiana, A. A. and I. G. 4. Major Henry Bryan, of Georgia, A. A. and I. G.

5. Major James Eustis, of Louisiana, A. A. and I. G.

6. Captain Albert Ferry, of Louisiana, A. A. and I. G.

7. Lieutenant-Colonel J. R. Waddy, of Virginia, Chief Ordnance Officer. 8. Surgeon R. L. Brodie, of South Carolina, Medical Director.

9. Surgeon Samuel Choppin, of Louisiana, Medical Inspector.

During the war General Beauregard had exerted himself to the utmost to have additional rank given to staff-officers who, in his opinion, were worthy of promotion. He thought that a full general should be entitled, in war, to four aides-de-camp—a colonel, a lieutenant-colonel, a major, and a captain. Instead of which two aids only, with the rank of lieutenant, had been allowed a full general, according to law. During the winter of 1864-1865 Congress, however, at last passed a bill giving three aids, with the rank of inajor, to every full general. But the law, as was well known, was never enforced by the War Department. Fearing lest the Confederacy should die without doing at least partial justice to that faithful and self-sacrificing class of officers, General Beauregard addressed the following telegram to Adjutant-General Cooper, who at that date was still at Charlotte:

"GREENSBORO', N. C., April 28th, 1865: 7.30 a. M. "Before leaving here the Secretary of War promised to have General Johnston's aids and mine commissioned majors, according to law. Has it been done? It is highly desirable it should be done before disbanding troops. I am glad to hear of Lieutenant-Colonel Riley's promotion.

"G. T. BEAUREGARD.”

General Cooper's answer was forwarded and duly received the same day. It ran thus:

"General G. T. BEAUREGARD:

"CHARLOTTE, April 28th, 1865.

"The Secretary of War and myself strongly recommended to the President the promotion of yours and General Johnston's aides-de-camp; and though the matter was considered by him, the order for their promotion was not given. He has left, and I am powerless to effect your wishes. It would give me pleasure if I could. S. COOPER, A. and I. G."

While at Charleston, General Beauregard had also recommended many of his officers as deserving of promotion for gallant and meritorious services during the long and remarkable siege of that city; but none of them were promoted save two—namely, Major (afterwards Brigadier-General) Stephen D. Elliott, one of the commanders of Sumter after its first intrepid defender, Colonel Rhett, had been withdrawn from the unconquered fortress, with all its heavy artillery; and Major D. B. Harris, the able and indefatigable Engineer, who was made a lieutenant-colonel, and was even promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, though he died without being apprised of the fact. The others remained unnoticed until the very last moment during the expiring hours of the Confederacy, when, at General Beauregard's solicitation to the Secretary of War, two of them, by going to Charlotte, N. C., in person, obtained deserved promotion. The first, Brigadier-General Taliaferro, was thus made Major-General; and the second, Captain F. D. Lee, who had been in charge of the Torpedo Department at Charleston, became a major. This was tardy justice; and it is surprising, when we remember the confusion prevailing at that time in the Executive Bureaus, that even so much was obtained.

As an illustration of the intense preoccupation then existing among some of the high civil functionaries of the defunct Government, General Beauregard relates that, shortly after the President had left Greensboro' for Salisbury and Charlotte, he noticed at the depot, at Greensboro', a train of box- cars, from one of which some straggling soldiers were throwing out papers which were flying to and fro in every direction. Upon inquiry it was ascertained that these cars contained the official records of the Government from Richmond, and had been abandoned there, without a guard, and without directions as to the disposition to be made of them. General Beauregard gave orders at once that sentinels should be put over them, and that they should be immediately forwarded to Charlotte; which was done. He afterwards learned that General Johnston, on arriving at that place, found these cars again unprotected, and that he also took special pains to have them properly guarded. They were finally turned over to the Federal authorities, in order to prevent further destruction. It was only on the 30th of April that General Beauregard was able to begin preparations for his homeward journey. He had collected from Greensboro' all the Louisianians who were there

on detached service, separated from their commands, and had invited them to join his staff and to return with him to New Orleans. He thus got together about twenty of them, who gratefully accepted his kind offer; and on the 1st of May, at 10.30 P. M., after making his adieus to those members of his general staff whose route lay in a different direction, to General Johnston, to his military household, and to many officers who had not yet left, he started, with his party, travelling sometimes by rail, sometimes on horseback, and sometimes even-for the few who had no horses-on foot.

General Beauregard felt the difficulty of procuring the necessary funds for defraying his own and his companions' expenses on the journey. Except the silver coin ($1.15 each) which had been given to himself, his staff, and the troops, as already related, neither General Beauregard nor those who accompanied him had any money in specie; and even Confederate notes, which had become altogether valueless, were scarce among them.

But one of General Beauregard's aids, Lieutenant Chisolm, who was seldom at a loss for resources in an emergency, proposed that a wagon should be procured and stocked with provisions and stores, such as tobacco, nails, yarn, twine, thread, and whatever else the people along their route were likely to be in need of, and that these articles should be used in lieu of money. The suggestion was adopted; and as the quartermaster and the commissary of the post had received orders to distribute their supplies on hand to the several commands, the wagon was soon loaded as desired, and the plan of barter, when tried upon the journey, surpassed the most sanguine expectations. The people on the way were happy to secure these useful commodities in return for what few provisions they could spare. It is our duty to add that, however poor or helpless the people were, as soon as they learned that what they were asked to barter was needed by General Beauregard and his staff, they almost invariably refused to accept any compensation whatever. This was carried so far that General Beauregard, although deeply touched by it, had to forbid his name being mentioned until the exchange had been entirely effected and the goods carried off.

To show the patriotism of the Southern people-notably of the women-even at that hour, an incident may be mentioned which occurred just before General Beauregard and his companions