in the prospect. Foreign governments, he thought, were very much disposed to stand aloof from this contest. He did not believe they really sympathized with either side he meant the ruling classes. The masses of the people and the commercial interests generally, he thought, did sympathize with us. Not so with the rulers. They care but little for the success of either the North or the South; some of our people were disposed to think that their sympathies were with the North, while the northern people were charging them with sympathy for us. He thought they had no kind feelings for either, but rather rejoiced to see professed republicans cutting each other's throats. He thought the remark reported to have lately been uttered by Carlyle in his quaint style, embodied in a nutshell the diplomatic feelings of Europe towards the cause on both sides. The remark was that "it was the foulest chimney that had been on fire for a century, and the best way is to let it burn itself out." ***
From the foregoing extract it will be seen that I counted upon two millions of bales of the crop of 1860, and two million bales of the crop of 1861, to be gotten out before the ports could be effectually closed by blockade. It was upon this basis the four millions of bales (not four million and a half bales), stated by me in my Macon speech, was estimated, and from this extract, without further remark or comment, the whole outline of the policy advocated by me on this subject from the beginning clearly appears.
I will only add that I continued to advocate this policy in the Confederate Congress. I also presented it with all the earnestness I could to Mr. Davis, the President, on several occasions; but he uniformly replied that it was a matter that belonged to the Treasury Department, and referred me to Mr. Memminger. It is proper, also, here to say that notwithstanding Mr. Davis did not entertain my proposition, and notwithstanding our differences upon other matters of policy, yet there never was any breach between us, and our relations were always friendly. But upon my urging the policy to Mr. Memminger, he persistently, on all occasions, opposed it most decidedly. He was not only opposed to the policy upon the impracticability of working it, but also held it to be unconstitutional upon some ground. I thought it altogether feasible and practicable in its operation, and considered it quite as constitutional as to give bonds for gunpowder or other munitions of war.
This letter you can use as you please.
Administration, Confederate, some of its
errors, ii. 416-434; failure to provide
for the importation of arms and mu-
nitions, 417; failure to provide a
navy, 419; suffering the blockade to
be established, 421; inadequate fi-
nancial policy, 422; excess of cur-
rency, and gradual depreciation, 425;
errors in diplomacy, 426; secrecy of
Congressional proceedings, 432; con-
scription and impressment acts, 432.
Anderson, Robert, occupies Fort Sum-
ter, i. 27; his "heart not in the war,"
34; surrenders Fort Sumter, 45.
Archives, Confederate, fate of, ii. 410.
Arkansas, Confederate ram, attacks the
Federal fleet near Vicksburg, i. 370;
virtually raises the blockade, 372.
Arms wanted rather than men, ii. 419.
Averysboro', battle of, ii. 377.
Badeau, Adam, military history of
Grant, ii, 250, 259, 268.
Bank of Louisiana, its coin taken in
charge by Beauregard, ii. 23.
Battle-flag, the Confederate, i. 171.
Beauregard, Henry T., son of G. T., i. 53.
Beauregard, Jacques Toutant, settles in
Louisiana, i. 3.
Beauregard, Pierre G. T., birth and an-
cestry, i. 2; early military procliv-
ities, 4; first communion, 5; at school
in New York, 5; graduates at West
Point, 6; serves during the Mexican
War, 7; in charge of the defences at
New Orleans and of the building of
the custom-house, 8; his marriages,
10; personal characteristics, 10; ap-
pointed superintendent at West
Point, 8, 13; resigns his commission,
and enters the Confederate service,
15, 17, 21; ordered to complete the de-
fences of New Orleans, 16; his plans,
17; summoned to Montgomery, 18;
interview with President Davis, 20;
made brigadier-general, 21; ordered
to Charleston, 22; preparations
against Fort Sumter, 29, 35, 40; de-
mands its surrender, 40; opens fire
upon it, 42; receives its surrender,
47; reconnoitres the South Carolina
coast, 51; plans for defending Port
Royal harbor, 51; plans for the de-
fence of Charleston, 52; thanked by
the Confederate Congress and the
Legislature of South Carolina, 53;
disapproves of the attempt upon Fort
Pickens, 54; urges the acceptance of
Mr. Trenholm's project for purchas-
ing war-steamers, 55; believes the
war will be a long one, 56; placed in
command of forces in Northern Vir-
ginia, 65; ordered to act on the de-
fensive, 67; takes command at Ma-
nassas, 70; commissariat difficulties,
71; his "beauty and booty" procla-
mation, 74; lack of ammunition, 74;
plan of campaign not accepted by
President Davis, 77; begins a for-
ward movement, 79; learns of pro-
posed Federal advance, 81; submits
a new plan to the President, 82;
urges concentration, 84; his plau
not approved by Davis and Lee, 85;
letter to General J. E. Johnston, 87;
consequences of the action of the
President, 88; McDowell's movement,
90; Beauregard's advance falls back,
91; action at Blackburn's Ford, 92;
battle of Manassas, 96-113; Beaure-
gard made a full general, 119; defi-
ciencies in transportation and sup-
plies, 121, 134; correspondence with
President Davis, 122-127; suggests a
forward movement, 131; the Fairfax
Court-House conference, 137, 142–151;
waiting for winter, 153; Washington
menaced, 154; withdrawal to Cen-
treville, 155; beginning of disagree-
ments with the President, 157; Mr.
Benjamin, Secretary of War, 158;
President Davis and the Manassas
report, 163–174; organization of the
Army of the Potomac, 170; battle of
Drainsville, 172; the army in winter
quarters, 172; review of the Manas-
sas campaign, 191-209; conducted by
Beauregard, 192; why the victory
was not pushed, 207; Beauregard
transferred to the West, 211; meets
Albert Sidney Johnston, 213; forces
under their command, 214; Beaure-
gard's defensive plan not adopted,
216; loss of Fort Henry, 218; confer-
ence between Johnston, Hardee, and
Beauregard, 220; evacuation of Bowl-
ing Green, 221; loss of Fort Donel-
son, 225; outery against Johnston,
and his defence, 226; what he might
have done, 227; Beauregard's and
Johnston's forces separated, and
Beauregard to act at his own discre-
tion, 232, 238; directs Polk to evacu-
ate Columbus, 234; further instruc-
tions, 235; Johuston abandons Nash-
ville, 237; meeting with Governor
Harris of Tennessee, 237; the military
situation desperate, 238; Beauregard
proposes offensive operations, 240;
circular to Southern governors, 240;
efforts to augment his forces, 242;
letter to Van Dorn, 242; troops for
sixty and ninety days not approved by
government, 244; Johnston moves to
join Beauregard, 244; evacuation of
Columbus, 245; Federals prepare for
an offensive movement, 248; John-
ston's move to join Beauregard, 249;
Beauregard assumes formal command
of the Army of the Mississippi, 249;
Corinth selected as the point of con-
centration, 251, 258; apathy of the
War Department, 252; Beauregard's
preparations, 254; the Federals ap-
proach Pittsburg Landing, 255, 260;
Beauregard's forces at Corinth, 259;
refuses Johnston's offer to turn over
the command to him, 266; Beaure-
gard remains second in command,
267; prepares
"order of march and
battle," April 3d, 1862, which is ac-
cepted by Johnston, 272; the slow
advance from Corinth to Shiloh, 275;
Beauregard advises the abandonment
of the offensive movement, 277; John- |
ston refuses, and orders an attack
next morning, 279; battle of Shiloh,
279-351 (sco Shiloh); falls back to
Corinth, 318; efforts to defend the Mis-
sissippi, 352 sq.; position of forces af-
ter Shiloh, 375; Beauregard prepares
report of the battle, 377; disadvan-
tages of Corinth as a base, 383; prep-
arations for its abandonment, 388;
the enemy deceived, 390; the evacu-
ation, 391; Beauregard's answers to
the inquiries of President Davis, 396;
takes up position at Tupelo, 400; un-
availing representations to the gov-
ernment, 401; continued ill-health,
403; turns over the command tempo-
rarily to Bragg, 405; President Davis
assigns the command permanently to
Bragg, 407; injustice of the proceed-
ing, 410; Beauregard advises Bragg
to move upon Chattanooga, 412;
hopes to be reinstated in his com-
mand, 413; presents plan of cam-
paign, 414; his reinstatement urged
upon the President, 415; Mr. Davis
peremptorily refuses, 418; Beaure-
gard reports for duty, ii. 1; assigned
to the command in South Carolina,
Georgia, and Florida, 2, 20; unpopu-
larity of Pemberton, whom he suc-
ceeds at Charleston, 2; loss of Beau-
regard's papers, 3; the works, as left
by Pemberton, 4; his plans set aside,
6; estimate of forces required, 9;
Beauregard assumes command, 10;
holds a conference of officers, 11; be-
gins the erection and armament of
fortifications, 13; ordnance instruc-
tions, 15; Federal attack upon St.
John's River, 16; unprepared condi-
tion of his third district, 17; estab-
lishes signal stations, 18; changes in
the fortifications of Charleston, 21;
asks for torpedo-rams, 22, 30; ordered
to take possession of the coin of the
Bank of Louisiana, 23; arrests those
who spread false rumors, 25; instruc-
tions to his subordinates, 26; sug-
gests a conference between governors
of the Southern and the Northwestern
States, 30; repulse of Federal attack
upon Pocotaligo,31; continues works
at Charleston, 35; asks for negro
laborers, 36; letters to Pickens, Chest-
nut, Miles, and Cobb, 37; disappoint-
ments as to heavy guns, 39, 41; ar-
rests Ordnance-Officer Childs, 42; is
ordered to release him, and proposes
to resign his commission, 46; learns
of the movement of the Federal fleet
from Hilton Head, 46; further work
upon fortifications, 48; affairs in
Florida, 49; Federal movement to-
wards Wilmington, 51; Beauregard
sends reinforcements, 52; expected
naval attack upon Charleston, 53;
plans to repel it, 56; the fleet dis-
persed by Ingraham's rams, 57; the
blockade raised (January 30th, 1863),
58; Federal attack upon Fort Mc-
Allister, Georgia, 60, 63; night at-
tack upon Fort Sumter expected, 62;
preparations to meet it, 64; the at-
tack repulsed, April 7th, 1863 (see
Sumter, Fort), 67-80; Beauregard pro-
poses to attack the fleet with torpe-
do-boats, 79; troops withdrawn from
Beauregard, 81, 86, 87; his remon-
strance to the Secretary of War, 82;
plans for a campaign to redeem Ken-
tucky and Tennessee, 84; letter to
General J. E. Johnston, 85; Federal
demonstration from Beaufort, 86;
General Gillmore in command against
Charleston, 86; the Federal position
and force, 87; Beauregard's letter to
General Cooper, 88; remonstrates
with General Gillmore as to dep-
redations committed, 91; Beaure-
gard's kindness to prisoners, 92; asks
for negro laborers, 93, 96; repulse of
Federal attack upon Folly Island,
93; Beauregard strengthens his in-
ner fortifications, 95; Mr. Seddon's
"searching inquiry," 100; operations
on Morris Island, July, August, and
September; Beauregard's report, 102-
143; charges made by Mr. Seddon,
103; effective force, in the depart-
ment, 104; routes for approaching
Charleston, 110; want of labor and
transportation for the defence, 111;
the Federals carry the south end of
Morris Island, 113; assault on Bat-
tery Wagner, July 11th, repulsed,
114; Federals on James Island driven
back, 116; Federals again repulsed,
July 18th, at Wagner, 118; bombard-
ment kept up, 120-130; Fort Sumter
strengthened, 121; the guns of Fort
Sumter rendered unserviceable, 129;
evacuation of Wagner, September
6th, 133; the Federal success a bar-
ren one, 135; correspondence with
Gillmore on the exchange of prison-
ers, 137; the surrender of Fort
Sumter demanded and refused, 140;
Charleston ineffectually fired upon,
from Morris Island, 141; Fort Sumter
made an infantry post, 147; boat at-
tack upon it repulsed, 156; Beaure-
gard writes to Bragg, proposing plan
of campaign in the West, 162; visited
at Charleston by President Davis,
167; prepares for an attack upon
Charleston, 171; the attack Novem-
ber 19th repelled, 172; circular to dis-
trict commanders, 174; writes to
Soulé, suggesting plan for campaign
in the West, 177; sends reinforce-
ments to Florida, 184; applies for
leave of absence, 192; is ordered to
North Carolina, 193; transfers his
command to General Sam. Jones,
194; assigned to the command in
North Carolina and Southern Vir-
ginia, 194; foresees the Federal attack
upon Petersburg, 196; alarm in Rich-
mond, 199; suggests plan to destroy
the Federal forces, 201; battle of
Drury's Bluff, 203; actions before
Petersburg, 222-255; "bottles up"
Butler, 223; predicts Grant's move-
ments, 225; plan for defeating him,
226; actions of June 17th, 18th, 231;
Petersburg saved, 246; forces and loss-
es on both sides, 249; Beauregard's
lines adopted by Lee, 255; ceases
to be first in command at Peters-
burg, 256; movements of the Federals,
257; completion of the fortifications,
258; Burnside's "miue fiasco," 260;
its failure, owing to Beauregard's
precautions, 269; events at Peters-
burg, 271; prejudice at Richmond
against Beauregard, 274; dissatisfied
with his position, 274; sent to inspect
the works at Wilmington, 274; Lec
thinks he would be given command
in Northwest Georgia, 274; sent to
settle difficulties at Charleston, 275;
interview with President Davis at
Augusta, 276; Hood's plan of cam-
paign against Sherman approved by
Davis and Beauregard, 277; Beaure-
gard offered the command of the De-
partment of the West, to supervise
Hood and Taylor, 278; arranges mat-
ters with Governor Brown of Georgia,
280; conference with Hood, 281; as-
sumes command of the department,
283; his circular to the people, 284 ;
Sherman must be driven from Atlan-
ta, 285; still approves Hood's plans,
but fears that he will not be able to
execute them, 287; Hood's changes
and failures, 288, 8q.; Beauregard pro-
poses to leave Hood in sole command,
294; suggests modifications of Hood's
plan, 297; urges him to greater ac-
tivity, 299, 301; goes to Macon to op-
pose Sherman in Georgia, 302; his
command extended to the Atlantic
coast, 303; his reasons for not coun-
termanding Hood's Tennessee cam-
paign, 305; efforts to reinforce Hood,
308; goes to Savannah to consult
with Hardee, 312; informs the Presi-
dent of the situation in Hardee's de-
partment, 313; gives directions to
Hardee at Savannah, 314; takes
measures for the defence of Charles-
ton, 320; asks to be relieved from the
command in South Carolina, Georgia,
and Florida, in order to return to the
West, 322; his final instructions to
Hardee for the defence of Charleston
and South Carolina, 323; leaves for
the West, 324; Hood's defeat at Nash-
ville, 326, 329; receives authority to
replace Hood by Taylor, 328, 332;
urges that J. E. Johnston be restored
to active duty, and offers to serve
under him, 329; sends troops from
Hood's army to Hardee, 331; goes to
Mobile and Augusta, 333, 334; with
Hardee, concerts plan for opposing
Sherman's advance, 336; forces in
Georgia and South Carolina, 337;
Sherman begins his march, 340;
Beauregard proposes concentration
at Columbia, 341; feasibility of his
plan, 342; instructs Hardee to evac-
uate Charleston, 344, 347, 349; goes
to Columbia, 345; directs its evacua-
tion, 352; plan for crushing Sherman
and Grant, 355; his plan practicable,
356, 364; the burning of Columbia,
365-374; Beauregard announced as
second in command to Johnston, 378; | Buchanan, President, his wavering pol-
makes his headquarters at Raleigh,
380; Lee wishes him to take com-
mand in Western Virginia and Ten-
nessee, 383; the Federal force con-
centrated at Goldsboro', 384; the fall
of Petersburg and Richmond, 386;
Beauregard is convinced that the end
has come, 387; Davis requests him
to meet him at Danville, 388; their
interview at Greensboro', 390; con-
ference there between the President,
Johnston, and Beauregard, 394; urges
the President to open negotiations
for peace, 395; receives $1.15, his
last payment in the Confederate ser-
vice, 396; the surrender of John-
ston's army, 398-405; Beauregard
prepares to return to his home, 408;
his efforts to obtain promotion for his
staff during the war, 409; fate of
Confederate archives, 410; sets out
for New Orleans, 411; want of money
for the journey, and financial expedi-
ents, 411; incidents on the way, 411;
what might have been, 414; arrival
at his home, 415.
Beauregard, René T., son of G. T., i. 54.
"Beauty and Booty" proclamation,
Beauregard's, i. 74.
Bells cast into cannon, i. 255.
Benjamin, J. P., Secretary of War, con-
troversy with Beauregard, i. 158.
Bentonville, N. C., battle of, ii. 379.
Blackburn's Ford, skirmish at, i. 93.
Blockade, the, might have been pre-
vented, ii. 421.
Bonham, M. L., Governor of South Car-
olina, i. 50, 89.
Boom in Charleston harbor, ii. 17, 44,
48, 71.
Bragg, Braxton, arrives at Corinth from
Mobile, i. 250; Chief of Staff at Cor-
inth, 268; commands a corps at Shi-
loh, 269, 8q.; supersedes Beauregard
in command in Mississippi, 407; his
tardy junction with Johnston in
North Carolina, ii. 364.
Breckinridge, John C., at Shiloh, i. 279,
8q.; Secretary of War, ii. 394; favors
opening of negotiations with Sher-
man, 395; urges Davis to sanction
the agreement, 400; account of the
demoralization of the President's
body-guard, 405.
Brown, Isaac N., commands the ram Ar-
kansas, at Vicksburg, i. 370.
Buell, Don Carlos, his slow advance, i.
262; forces under his command, 263.
Bull Run, battle of (see Manassas).
Burnside, Ambrose, his "mine fiasco,"
ii. 260.
Butler, Benj. F., "bottled up" at Ber-
muda Hundreds, ii. 223.
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