1. The First Personal Pronoun. 35. The first personal pronoun is nénu, I. The in flexion singular isná, and the objective nannu. Objcctive నన్ను nannu me మమ్ము mammu us 36. With the addition of the postpositions to the inflexion the same variety of combinations can be made as in the case of nouns. Thus: nátó, with me; మాచేత máchéta, by us. Or by addition to the objective, as, 80 nannugurinchi, concerning me. 37. The English possessive 'my,' 'thy,' 'his,' &c., is formed by placing the inflexion of the pronoun before the noun which it is intended to qualify; as, x & xv ná gurramu, my horse. 38. There is a second plural, or dual, of the first personal pronoun, which includes both the speaker and the person or persons addressed. Thus: 2. Second Personal Pronoun. 39. The second personal pronoun is 5 nivu, thou. The cases are formed in a similar way to those of the first personal pronoun, í being substituted for á. Thus : Singular. Plural. Nominative నీవు nívu thou మీరు miru ye Inflexion 5 నిన్ను ninnu thee x mimmu you మిము 40. It may be noticed here that in adding the postpositionsku to the inflexion, it is not changed into ki according to the usual custom, but is affixed without alteration. Thus: S níku, to thee; 2 míku, to you. 3. Third Personal Pronoun. 41. The third personal pronoun is represented by several words, which differ from each other according to the nearness or remoteness of the person referred to with reference to the person speaking; or as to the position in society of the person mentioned with reference to the speaker. 42. The particles ź and á prefixed to neuter nouns indicate the English pronouns 'this' and 'that.' Thus: * ∞ í gurramu, this horse; ∞∞ á gurramu, that horse. 43. As a general rule, this distinction runs through all the pronouns of the third person, i or í and a or á being వీడు characteristic of the pronouns according to the nearness or remoteness of the thing or person indicated. Thus: 5 vidu, 25 itaḍu, iyana are 'this person,' nearness being implied: వాడు vidu, అతడు atadu, ఆయన áyana, “that person,' remoteness being indicated. 44. The gender in the third Telugu pronoun is very peculiar. The feminine and neuter singular are alike, while the feminine and masculine plural are the same. Thus : aa idi, this woman or this thing, a adi, that woman or that thing, 5 víru, these men or these women, váru, those men or those women. This peculiarity should be clearly understood and firmly grasped, as it influences the formation of the adjectives and verbs, and affects the construction of sentences. (ii.) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. (a.) b vidu, this man, he. 45. The inflexion and objective singular are formed by changing the final du of the nominative into ni; and the nominative plural is formed by changing the ∞ ḍu of the nominative singular into & ru, the inflexion by changing theru of the nominative into 8 ri, and the objective by adding ni to the inflexion. Thus : 46. There is a second form of the plural, which is very common, especially in conversation, but not so elegant as 47. (c.) 28 idi, and a adi, she and it. 48. The above pronouns are used in speaking of or addressing inferiors. The pronouns ataḍu and áyana, itaḍu and ∞ iyana, he, and and Dime and ibiḍa, & and eáme and ábiḍa, she, are used when the person spoken of or addressed is superior to the person speaking. They represent gradations itaḍu and ataḍu being less respect of respect, ful than iyana and ∞ áyana, which should always be used in speaking of those high in rank. As in the other pronouns, i and a represent nearness or remoteness. They are declined as follows, there being no plural. 49. There is likewise a reflective pronoun of the third person, which always refers to some noun or pronoun that precedes it, irrespective of gender. tánu, he, she, or it, is thus declined: |