II. LESSONS FOR PRIMARY GRADES.

[Second and third school years.]

I. Read the lesson to the class.

II. Allow five minutes for pupils to study it.
III. Explain any difficult words.

IV. Require pupils to read singly.

QUESTIONING.

After the lesson is read, question the pupils about every sentence, making use of the following interrogatives:

Sentence." The merry boys skated on the pond in winter."

[Note.-Require the answers to be in complete sentences.]

1. Who skated on the pond in winter? Ans. The merry boys, etc. 2. What kind of boys skated, etc.? Ans. The merry boys skated, etc.

3. What did the boys do?

4. Where did the boys skate ?

5. When did the boys skate?

REPRODUCING THE LESSON.

After answering such questions as these, applied to every sentence, require pupils to write out the paragraph on slates, exchange slates with each other, and correct by comparing with the book.

III. MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES.

Apply one to each reading-lesson.

1. Copy the title or heading, and the first paragraph or stanza. 2. Write the names of the things you can see in this picture,

3. Learn the first stanza by heart.

4. How many periods in this lesson? How many question-marks? 5. Count all the commas in this lesson.

6. How many words of one syllable in the first paragraph? Of two syllables?

IV. LESSONS FOR LOWER GRAMMAR GRADES.

LESSON I.-OCCUPATIONS.

The farmer and gardener raise grain, vegetables, and fruit for our use. The farmer also supplies the market with milk, butter, cheese, cattle, sheep, wool, horses, poultry, and eggs. The miller grinds wheat and corn, and the baker makes bread. The butcher kills

live-stock and sends to market beef, mutton, and pork.

Our clothes are made by the labor of many hands. Men, women, and children in China, Italy, and France are kept busy in rearing silk-worms and reeling silk. Thousands of men are hard at work in our own country raising and picking cotton, and thousands of farmers and sheep-raisers are shearing the wool from herds of sheep. Then there is the weaver, who makes the cloth; and the tailor or dressmaker, who makes it into clothing.

The tanner makes leather for us, and the shoemaker makes our boots and shoes. The carpenter and mason build us a house, the painter paints it, and the cabinet-maker makes the furniture. The bookseller supplies us with books, and the printers sell us the newspaper. The tea which we drink at supper has been picked by busy hands in China. The coffee that we use at breakfast comes from the plantations of Brazil or Java, and the sugar with which we sweeten it was made from the sugar-cane of Louisiana. It is wonderful to think how many trades there are, and how many busy hands are at

work for our comfort or convenience.

QUESTIONS ON THE PRECEDING LESSON.

PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALS.

1. Call attention to the use of the comma in the numerous series of nouns, and then make up a rule.

2. How many commas in the whole lesson ?

3. Call attention to the proper nouns beginning with a capital. How many are there in all?

4. How many periods in this lesson? How many sentences? With what does each begin and end?

PARTS OF SPEECH.

How many are there?
How many are singular?
How many?

1. Write in columns all the nouns. 2. How many nouns are plural? 3. Write in columns all the verbs. 4. How many times is the article the used in this lesson? The article a or an?

5. How many times is the preposition of used? The preposition in?

6. How many times is the conjunction and used?

7. How many times is the relative pronoun who used? How many times is which used?

8. How many full sentences in this piece? How many paragraphs? 9. Reproduce from memory the first paragraph; the second. 10. Compare with the original, and correct the punctuation.

LESSON II.-A STORY.

There were

There was once a prince who wished to marry a princess. He travelled all the world over in hopes of finding one. plenty of princesses, but he could not be certain that they were real ones. At last he gave up the search and went home quite cast down.

One stormy evening there was a knock, and, on opening the door, a princess asked for shelter. The prince's mother went into the bedroom, took off all the bedclothes from the bed, and put three little peas on the bedstead. She then laid twenty mattresses over

"Oh!

the three peas, and put twenty feather beds over the mattresses. Then she put the princess to bed and tucked up the bedclothes. In the morning the queen asked her how she had slept. very badly indeed!" she replied; "I hardly closed my eyes all night. There was something hard in my bed, and I am black and blue all Over."

It was now plain to the queen that this was a real princess, because she was so delicate. So the prince married her, and put the three peas in a cabinet of curiosities, where they are still to be seen, if they have not been lost.—Adapted from Hans Andersen.

EXERCISES ON THE PRECEDING STORY.

SENTENCES.

1. How many sentences?

2. How many paragraphs?

PARTS OF SPEECH.

1. Make a list of the proper nouns.

2. Make a list of the common nouns.

3. How many verbs?

4. How many times is the verb is, or some form of it, used?

5. Make a list of the transitive verbs.

6. How many nouns are in the nominative case? In the objective

case? The possessive case?

7. Make a list of the personal pronouns. How many?

8. Make a list of the adjectives.

9. Exchange slates, and correct under the direction of the teacher.

PUNCTUATION.

1. How many commas are used in this lesson ?

2. The teacher will give the reason for the use of each comma, if

the pupil is unable to do so.

3. Reason for the use of quotation-marks.

ORAL EXERCISE.

Require several pupils to tell the story in their own language.

Reproduce the story from memory, exchange slates, and correct errors by comparing with the printed copy.

V. LESSONS FOR HIGHER GRAMMAR GRADES.

INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS.

The mariner's compass and the galvanic battery were invented in Italy.

Germany claims the honor of inventing printing, and Holland of inventing the microscope.

France has contributed to the world photography, the Jacquard loom, the electro-magnet, and iron armor for ships.

Great Britain has enriched the world with the steam-engine, the spinning-jenny, weaving-machines, the chronometer, the rolling-mill, the screw-propeller, iron ships, and the steam-plough.

The United States has contributed the steamboat, the cotton-gin, the electric telegraph, the sewing-machine, vulcanized rubber, the steam fire-engine, revolving fire - arms, street - cars, reaping-machines, pin-machines, cut-nail machines, and a great number of minor but very useful inventions.

EXERCISES.
GRAMMAR.

1. Make a list of the proper nouns in the above lesson. 2. Make a list of the simple subjects, and of the verbs. 3. How many simple sentences?

4. How many complex sentences?

5. How many compound sentences?

6. Parse each word in the first sentence.

7. How many phrases beginning with of?

GENERAL.

[Questions to be copied by a class, with directions to

learn the answers.]

1. Tell the situation of each country named.

2. Who invented the galvanic battery?

3. Who invented photography?