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orbits depended upon my knowing them; while I was in profound ignorance of the laws of health of my own body. The rest of my life was, in consequence, one long battle with exhausted energies."

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1. Children under ten years of age ought to have no lessons whatever assigned for home study. Whatever time they can spare from play ought to be spent in reading suitable library books. Boys and girls from ten to twelve years of age ought not to have more than one lesson for home study. And girls from fourteen to sixteen years of age, in high-schools, ought not to study more than one hour a day out of school. From ten to sixteen is the golden period for the reading of good books; and any course of school-work that deprives pupils of time to read by keeping them all the time at the drudgery of textbook lessons is a mental wrong and a physical sin.

2. Do not exhaust the vitality of weak, nervous, brilliant, ambitious children by too rapid promotion. Put on the brakes, even if you have to oppose ambitious and ignorant parents. Of what use is it to let them gain a year in school and lose a lifetime?

3. If possible, keep your schoolroom well ventilated; but do not run to the foolish extreme of subjecting your pupils to strong draughts of cold or damp air from open windows. In winter, regulate the temperature by a ther

mometer.

4. Do not allow children to sit in school with wet feet or damp clothing. Let them get warm and dry around the stove before you begin work.

5. When children suffer from headaches, send them

home. They cannot think well, and the attempt to study leads to bad mental habits.

6. In pleasant weather, compel girls as well as boys to go out of doors to play at recesses and intermissions; and do not allow them to take their books with them for the purpose of studying when they ought to play.

7. By means of window-shades, carefully attended to during the day, protect the eyes of your pupils from excessive light, and from the direct rays of the sun. Caution your pupils against habits of holding books in ways that lead to near-sightedness.

8. Require your pupils to sit erect and to stand erect, and explain to them the reason why you do so.

9. Explain why loose clothing is healthful, and tight clothing is harmful.

10. Tell pupils what articles of diet are, in general, wholesome; what, in general, are unwholesome.

11. Teach them that it is better to prevent sickness by attention to the laws of health than to be continually dosing themselves with medicines.

12. Teach them the importance of preserving their teeth and of chewing their food.

13. Charge them not to sit up late at night to study. The more active the mind, the greater the need of sleep. From the age of twelve to eighteen, boys and girls need from eight to ten hours of unbroken sleep every night.

14. Impress upon them the fact that they must take care of their bodies, or suffer the penalty of neglect in the form of sickness; that suffering is sure to follow transgression; and that nature remits no punishments.

15. If you are teaching in a girls' school, read Clarke's Sex in Education, Clarke's Building of a Brain, Miss

Studley's What Girls Ought to Know, and Miss Brackett's Education of American Girls.

VII. RULES OF HEALTH FOR PUPILS.

NOTE.-The following rules are given as a model for additional ones. The teacher can make each direction the topic for a short lesson by giving the reasons for it.

1. Retire early, and sleep from eight to ten hours every night. The harder you study, the more sleep you need. 2. Exercise in the open air and sunshine is second in importance only to sleep.

3. Ventilate your sleeping-room at night either by an open door, or a window slightly open both at top and bot

tom.

4. Avoid hot cakes, hot bread, strong tea, and strong coffee. In hot weather, avoid fat meats. Avoid eating between meals, and especially beware of lunches just before going to bed. If you want a clear head for good mental work, take light breakfasts. Do not study immediately after a hearty meal. If possible, avoid studying

before breakfast.

5. Take care of your teeth; you need them both for ornament and use.

6. Wear loose clothing, and loose-fitting boots and shoes. 7. Keep the feet warm and dry, and you will avoid a great many colds and headaches. In cold or wet weather wear thick boots and shoes.

8. Keep the whole body clean by bathing according to season and climate.

9. Do not study out of school more than from one to two hours. No education is worth getting at the expense of health.

10. Take care of your eyes. When they ache, stop reading or writing at once. Any abuse of the eyes is sure to be followed by a severe penalty in later life.

11. Avoid cross lights. If possible, sit so that the light shall fall over your left shoulder.

12. Never sit in school with a ray of sunshine streaming into your face or upon your desk. Ask your teacher to lower the shade, or to allow you to change your seat.

13. When you read, sit erect, and hold your book up, not flat upon the desk.

14. Avoid books in fine print. Do not read at twilight, nor before breakfast by lamplight or gaslight.

15. Unless you wish to ruin your eyes, never read in

bed.

16. Never study later than nine o'clock at night. Milton, when young, used to sit up till midnight; result, blindness in old age.

17. For weak eyes, an extra hour's sleep every night is the best remedy.

18. Pain in the eyes is often caused by a disordered stomach. Be careful about your diet.

19. If you wish to avoid being near-sighted, hold your book at a reasonable distance from your eyes when reading.

20. Do not wear colored glasses, except by the advice of a physician.

CHAPTER III.

MORAL TRAINING.

I. GENERAL REMARKS.

INTELLECTUAL development is the most prominent object of common-school instruction; but moral training is not less important, though its results are not so immediate and tangible. "The vital part of human culture," says Russell, "is not that which makes man what he is intellectually; but that which makes him what he is in heart, life, and character."

"That education," says President Chadbourne, of Williams College," which does not make prominent justice as well as benevolence, law as well as liberty, honesty as well as thrift, and purity of life as well as enjoyment should be stamped, by every true educator, as a waste and a curse; for so it will prove in the end."

"The common-school," says Rev. A. D. Mayo, "is the place, of all others, to inculcate the great industrial, social, and civic virtues of honesty, chastity, truthfulness, justice, responsibility for social order; all the moral safeguards of national life."

What we term moral culture, which concerns the feelings, the emotions, the will, the conscience, must always be, to some extent, the result of the teacher's indirect tuition of manner, character, and example. Lessons in arithmetic, grammar, and geography may be given by formal

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