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A HAND-BOOK OF

PRINCIPLES, DIRECTIONS, AND WORKING MODELS
FOR COMMON-SCHOOL TEACHERS

BY

JOHN SWETT

PRINCIPAL OF THE SAN FRANCISCO GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL AND NORMAL CLASS

2

"Special preparation is a prerequisite for teaching."-HORACE MANN

NEW YORK

HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE

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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1880, by

HARPER & BROTHERS,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

All rights reserved.

PREFACE.

This book is intended

(1.) For use in normal schools and normal classes as a basis for instruction in methods of teaching.

(2.) For the use of those who intend to become teachers without taking a course of professional training.

(3.) For experienced teachers who believe there is something to be learned from the suggestions of others. The characteristic features claimed for this manual are: (1.) Its strict limitation to the essentials of commonschool instruction.

(2.) Its condensed and specific directions.

(3.) Its working models for beginners.

The attempt to reduce teaching-methods to condensed statements and bird's-eye views is beset with many difficulties readily appreciated by practical educators. But what the young teacher most needs is a definite direction or method: he will learn to make for himself all necessary qualifications and exceptions in schoolroom practice. My chief purpose has been, therefore, to make, not an exhaustive treatise on education in general, but a volume of

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