Summary of Proceedings in the laft Seffion of ["armamed" .504 office, fo exalted and laborious, filled with more diligence and integrity, or refigned with greater dignity. He concluded with feconding the motion, which was carried unanimously. A motion being next made, for a committee on the confolidation bill; Mr. Bahard faid, he wifhed to confider feparately two very important fubjects, which were blended in the bill then under confideration. The French treaty, and the confolidation of duties, would afford ample matter, fingly, for difcuffion. It was poffible that fome gentlemen might approve the one, and wifh to reject the other; but they could not exercife that freedom of voting, if both were united in one bill, as they muft then be driven to the alternative of re jecting what they approved, left what they difapproved should pafs into a law, &c. The fplitting of the bill into two would remove this difficulty, and prevent a dangerous precedent. He concluded with moving, that it be an inflruction to the committee to divide the bill into two, or more, as might be convenient. Sir William Lemon feconded the motion; and did it, he faid, the more readily, because he was a friend both to the French treaty, which he thought a wife and prudent measure, and to the confolidation of the duties. Mr. Vyner approved the confolidation of duties, but confidered the French treaty as pregnant with danger to this country. Mr. Pitt obferved, that thofe friends of the confolidation plan, who were enemies to the French treaty, might, with out any danger to their favourite mea fure, reject the whole bill, as a plan for the confolidation of the duties might af terwards be brought in feparately; but if both parts were paffed into a law, then they might ftand in one bill without prejudice to the nation. He alfo affured the hon. mover of the question, that, fo far from having any finifter object in view in blending the French treaty and the confolidation plan in one bill, he originally intended to have brought them in feparately, and for this reafon, that he thought the treaty fhould have been carried into effect with all poffible difpatch'; and he feared its progrefs would be greatly retarded if coupled with fo intri cate, complex, and extenfive a plan as that of the confolidation of the duties. But, after having feriously confidered the matter, he had departed from his original defign, and refolved to risk the delay of the treaty, rather than leparate it from the other; with which, for the fol lowing reafons, it ought to be connected: by the treaty, a tariff was to be established on certain articles of importation from France into this country; and the duties on all other French articles, not specified in the tariff, were to be reduced to a level with thofe which were paid by the most favoured nations in this country. Gentlemen would recollect, that 50 per cent. impofed on French goods in the reign of William III. and other high duties, were mortgaged to the proprietors of ftock in particular loans, ! and exclufively appropriated to the payment of the intereft on thofe loans. If then the duties were taken off, before a fund was eftablished for fupplying the deficiency that muft enfue, the public creditor might reafonably complain that his fecurity was leffened. To prevent this, Parliament had never yet repealed any appropriated duty till the repeal was accompanied by a new duty equally productive and fecure to the public creditors. For this reafon, therefore, he had wifhed to connect the reduction of the duties on the importation of French goods with the confolidation fcheme, which was to charge the aggregate fund with the payment of the interest which thofe duties were to produce. Mr. Fox faid, that the other Houfe of Parliament would have caule to complain that the confolidation of the duties was tacked to the bill for carrying the French treaty into effect, as it would make the whole a money bill; by which artifice the Lords were precluded from altering a tittle in the treaty. Sir Grey Cooper quoted a multiplicity of precedents to evince, that the uniting of two fuch fubjects was incongruous with the uiage of parliament. Mr. Pitt denied fome of the facts to which he referred. The Hon. Bart. infifted that he was juftitied in every thing he had advanced. Mr. Baflard was not convinced, by any thing that had fallen from the other fide of the House, that those subjects were properly conjoined. He pointed out feveral inconfiftencies, as he conceived, in the Minifier's argument; and offered to compromile the bufinefs fo far, that if the Right Hon. Gent. would affift him in drawing up a refolution, which might ftand in the Journals, against establishing this mode of proceeding into a precedent, he would withdraw his motion; otherwife he was determined to take the fenfe of the Houfe upon it. On a divifion, For it, 65. Against it, 148. MR. MR. URBAN, ས་ས་བ་ Jམསབ་ jཔ་ of that bondage fhall be A'S your correfpondent, who not long TETAPTH.. ago propofed a new verfion of E paros, is, without doubt, a pious and attentive reader of the New Teftament, perhaps he may be pleased to see fome remarks taken from the FERCULUM LITERARIUM OF JENSIUS. That work is not in the hands of every fcholar; fome extracts, therefore, from it (with occafional obfervations interfperfed) may not be unacceptable. TENEA alfo fignifies KINDRED RACE, in which all are comprised who are related by confanguinity. Thus in HoMER, II. xx: Ταυτης του ΓΕΝΕΗΣ τε και αίματος ευχομαι είναι. And ALEXANDER SEVERUS is faid, by Zosimus, to be εκ της Σεβήρου ΓΕΝΕΑΣ καταγόμενος. In a wider acceptation it is taken for 2 WHOLE PEOPLE; as when CHRIST fays in Matt. xi. 16, Τίνι δε ὁμοιωσω την ΓΕΝΕΑΝ ταύτην, meaning the PEOPLE of JERUSALEM. TEVE, moreover, denotes a certain fpace of years, fometimes thirty, fometimes thirty-three, and fometimes an hundred. Teva comprifes thirty years in DIODORUS SICULUS, b. ii. c. 55; who fays, that twenty yas make fix hundred years,-Tn; yereas agiduõues τριακονίας. Thirty-three years are affigned by HERODOTUS, b. ii. who writes, γενέας τρεις ἑκατον ετεα 81021. The SEPTUAGINT define yvez by a hundred years; for when in Gen. xv. 13. they had written that the Egyptian bondage fhould be for four hundred years, in ver. 16. they fay, that the end GENT. MAG. June, 1787. Matt. iii. 6. TENEA, It is not cafy to find the word EZquohoyas in any but the facred writers. Ομολογεῖν and ὁμολογεῖσθαι occur in common. By the addition of Ez there feems to be meant fome particular and more emphatical force; fo as to with earnest repentance and deteftation imply a confeflion of fins, accompanied of paft offences. And, indeed, without this deteftation and thorough conversion of the foul from fin to righteoufnefs, it can avail little to confefs (or as it is called in Greek, dushoyola,) our fins. In the fame fenfe of the word St. JAMES hath faid, in Ephef. v. 6, E≈ὁμολογεῖσθε αλληλοις τα παραπλωματα. The meaning, therefore, of Eμoλoγεῖσθαι τας αμαρτίας will be, “ with "ready and willing mind to confefs "that we have finned, and to refolve on "better practices, conceiving, at the "fame time, a degree of regard towards "Him who hath called us back from "error into the right way." Thus the SEPTUAGINT interpret a paffage in the xviiith pfalm of DAVID, Δια τετο εξί μολογήσομαι σοι εν έθνεσι, και τῳ ονόματι ou farw. i. e. "difcarding and difavow"ing all other Gods or Genii, I will be "devoted to THEE only; with THEE "only will live as bound by folemn "compact; to THEE I make my pro"mife, and pledge my faith." Matt. v. SA 47. in a much more wide and more emphaAorala, in this paffage, is ufed tical acceptation than merely to "LUTE." It implies, "all the kind" "offices of love, affection, attention, "and affiftance, which can be fhewn to "friends, or brothers, or relations of any kind." 66 Matt. xi. 19. Our Saviour fays, Εδικαιώθη ή Σοφία απο των τεκνων αυτής. I am not pleafed with the interpretation which commentators give of this paffage: "Wildom "(i. e. God or Chrift, and his difci"pline and doctrine,) is received with "approbation as good and right by his "true difciples." This construction does not correfpond with the Greek language, nor is it at all the fenfe required in this place. If Ato be fo rendered, it would be taken for 'To, or Ilaga; which which acceptation, however, is not ufual, nor here neceffary. Where the Latins exprefs fomething to be done BY any perfon, the Greeks fay, Two, or Παρὰ Τίνος. Απo denotes Separation, Tranfition, Departure, and words of fimilar import; and then it alfo implies Origin, Derivation, Defcent from any thing, or caufe, or perfon. The firft of thefe fignifications is most common, the laft most elegant.-I am of opinion, then, our Saviour means, "that the Jews were flanderous, unreafonable, " and morofe to an exceffive and culpa "ble degree, fince nothing could fatisfy "or please them; for they faid that "JOHN, because he neither ate nor "drank, was actuated by an evil fpirit; "but the Son of Man, because he eats "and drinks, is a glutton and winebibber, and companion of the most "wicked perfons. Yet is the cause of "Wisdom juftified by its children, or "on the fide of its children;" i. e. "If, "in anfwer to this calumny, the chil"dren of Wisdom, or My children, be "examined, I am by them cleared of "this charge "-By the word "chii"dren" I mean "Fruits, Effects, Works," by which it may be proved and demonftrated, both that JOHN was not actuated by an evil fpirit, and that the SON of MAN is not a wine-bibber, &c.; as if Chrift fhould fay, "It is "manifeft, by the WORKS both of "JOHN and the Son of MAN, what is "the real character of each: fo that,, "although they may be unjustly con"demned by the malevolent Jews, yet "will their own actions, which they "have already performed, and are still purpofing to accomplish, acquit them "of thefe imputations.”—' The word Taxa not only may be taken, but actually is ufed, metaphorically, to fignify "Actions and Works." See ATHENEUS, book xiii, where a paffage is quoted from ESCHYLUS, Perfæ, ver. 620, and Eumenides, ver. 536.-Flowers allo are called λειμωνος κ' επρος τέκνα. [OBS. If JENSIUS had referred to ESCHYLUS himself, he would have found the paffages not fuch as quoted' by ATHENAUS. The words in the Perfæ are, Ανθη το πλεκία, παμφορά γαίας τεκναand in the Eumenides, μεν ύδρες Δυσσέβειας Τόκος ως ετύμως. JEROM fays, that in fome Gospels it is read, "Wifdom is juftified by its "works." The Syriac verfion explains Tea by a word implying "Opera, "Works." Perhaps this expreflion of our Saviour's is a Syriac idiom; for our Saviour ufed the Syriac dialect: and it is probable, that, among the Syrians, the fame word fignified an Offspring, "and any Work, or Action."-It is remarkable, that St. Matthew and St. Luke have both expreffed our Saviour's faying in the fame manner, meaning, no doubt, to preferve the play upon the words. By the infertion of warrar, by Luke, it is clear that nothing can be implied but "Works," fince ALL the DISCIPLES of CHRIST could not be equally laudable. The fenfe, then, of the passage, taken together, is this: "By its Works is "Wisdom made evident." Whether, by Wifdom, we mean, emphatically, GOD Himself, or CHRIST, or that method and plan of acting which GoD obferves. And though I should grant (which I readily do) that Texva copias may be fimply rendered "The children of Wif"dom, the difciples of CHRIST, the "preachers of the Gospel," &c. yet good; for the difciples of CHRIST, even thus my interpretation will hold thought they are Tex, yet are they so not literally and properly, but figuraown favour and gift of grace hath tively and metaphorically: for by his CHRIST made them his Txvά; and fo being, as it were, formed by CARIST, they are the works of his hands: and now απο τετων εδικαιώθη ή σοφία, σε by "these is Wifdom, or CHRIST, justi"fied;" i. e. "it appears from them pious, what their Mafter and Maker "who are fo holy, chaste, virtuous, and "must be." I must, however, confefs, that in my opinion the difciples of CHRIST cannot be here meant; nor was it by their vir tues that he would prove his own fincerity, fanctity, and entire wifdom; for, at the time of our Saviour's fpeaking, they had not made fuch proficiency in evangelical doctrine; they were fill in a fate of tuition, they were still receiving instruction, from their Teacher and Lord, after whofe death and renewed glory they were to receive a most abundant measure of the Holy Spirit; and thus at last were they to become difciples Notice of a most wonderful Mechanical Curiofity. ples worthy of fuch a Teacher, were to Mr. URBAN, 507 June 2. walk in his steps, and spread his influ-SEND you the annexed hand-bill, in ence by miracles and the power of perfuafion. [OBS. A fingle paffage from St. JOHN will prove JENSIUS to be wrong in his conjecture. Oso di shabov avlor, εδωκεν αυτοίς εξυσιαν Τεκνα Θε8 γενέσθαι. John i. 12. The word Texa there fig. nifies "Sons or Children," as applied to Men fpiritually; and in this acceptation is it ufed throughout the New Teftament. When our Saviour fpeaks of "actions" as “fruits," the word nægπos is used in St. Matthew's Gospel : Пoinσατε Εν Καρπώς αξίες της μετανοίας, Matt. iii. 8. It is not probable, that by Tx, in the xith chapter of the fame Gofpel, thould be implied what the tranflator of the Hebrew or Syriac original has, in chap. iii, interpreted by ags; nor is it just to give Texa, in this one paffage, a fenfe which it has not in any other part of the New Tes tament. Though the facred writers do indeed write figuratively, fpiritually, and typically, yet are they very fparing of poetical metaphors, fuch as would be Tsxva for nagus ór efa The most poetical expreffions perhaps throughout the Gofpels and Epiftles are in that bold allegory of St. James, Η Επιθυμία συλλα βασα τίκτει 'Αμαρτίαν ή δε Αμαρτία από φτελεσθείσα αποκυει Θάνατον, James i. 15 the paffage which gave MILTON the idea of his allegorical perfonages SIN and DEATH, according to fome critics, Probably, however, our great Epic poet, in his introduction of thefe CHARACTERS, had in his mind neither the paffage of St. JAMES, juft cited, nor the ATH of HOMER, nor the OANATOE of EURIPIDES or SOPHOCLES, bur the MYSTERIES and MORALI TIES in which he was deeply read, and where SIN and DEATH appear frequently and familiarly, as DRAMATIS PERSONA. Q. S. T. hope that fome of your correfpondents will be fo kind as to inform me whether the curiofities therein described ftill exift; and if they do, where they may be feen. The hand-bill is without date; but fome perfons now living remember to have viewed them at Mr. Boverick's in the year 1745. They were remarkably well executed. Yours, &c. S. G. To be feen at Mr. Boverick's, Watch-maker, at the Dial, facing Old Round Court, near the New Exchange Buildings, in the Strand, at One Shilling each Perfon, I The little Furniture of a Dining-Room; confifting of a dining-table, with a cloth laid; two figures feated as at dinner; a footman waiting; a card-table, which opens, with a drawer in it; frame and caftors; lookingglass; two dozen of difhes; twenty dozen of plates; thirty dozen of fpoons; and twelve fkeleton-back chairs, with claw feet. All the above particulars are contained in a cherry-stone. for III. The curious little Four-wheel open Chaife, with the figure of a man in it, all made of ivory, drawn by a flea, which per forms all the offices of a large chaife, as runping of the wheels, locking, &c. weighing but one grain; fhewn to the Royal Family, and feveral of the nobility and gentry. hundred links, with a padlock and key, cuIV. A Flea, chained by a chain of two riously wrought; the chain and flea, padlock and key, weighing but one third of a grain. V. A Camel, that paffes through the eye of a middle-fize needle. VI. And a curious Pair of Steel Sciffars, fo minute as fix pair may be wrapped up in large horfe-hair. To be feen from nine in the morning till eight at night; and thofe that please to fee them at their houfe may be waited upon on Thurfdays, at the fame hours. repaired at his hop, at the most reasonable N. B. Jewels, Plate, and Toys made and rates.-Lace and Point joined and mended and nearest manner. af FOREIGN 508 Review of New Publications. FOREIGN ARTICLE. 76. A ceneife Account of the Kingdom of Pegu, its Climate, Produce, Trade, Government, the Manners and Customs of its Inbabitants; interfperfed with Remarks moral and political. With an Appendix, containing an Enquiry into the Caufe of the Variety obfervable in the Fleeces of Sheep in different Climates. To which is added, A Description of the Caves of Elephanta, Ambola, and Canara. The Whole being the Refult of Obfervations made on a Voyage performed by Order of the Honourable East India Company. By William Hunter, A. M. Surgeon. Calcutta: Printed by John Hay, 1785 800. THE HE long title is almoft the fubftance of the book, which, in 96 pages, contains as much new obfer vation and information concerning this extenfive kingdom as can be expected from the opportunity which the writer had of making the one or collecting the other, during the fhort time he waited for the refitting of a fhip totally difmafted, and obliged to put into the river Syriam, in July 1782, the natives being very communicative, and fpeak ing the language of Hindoftan, and foreigners of different nations having been fettled in that country for many years. PEGU lies on the Eaft fide of the Bay of Bengal, between 15 and 24 degrees of North latitude, in length 600 miles, in breadth 350, was formerly fubject to a prince of its own, but a revolution about forty years ago made it a province of the kingdom of Ava, whofe prince removed the ancient capital from one branch of the river Syriam to another, and called it Rangoor. It confils of a fort and a town; the houfes built of wood, raised on high pillars above the tide. The whole country is low, and the land can only be feen at a very fmall diftance from fea, which has occafioned a great error in our lateft charts. Notwithstanding this marfhy, wooded fituation, the country is remarkably healthy, and the inhabitants the moft mufcular and robuft race in India, their complexion fwarthy, between the Chinese and Bengalefe, and their features like the Malays. Their teeth jet-black. Such are the Birmahs, or natives of Ava, who conquered Pegu. The original natives have more oval faces, fofter and more regular features. The Birmahs diftinguished themfelves by marks punctured on the thigh. The drefs of the men is a kind of turban, a piece of party-coloured filk round their loins, and over their fhoulders, and hanging down over their legs, that of the women a fhort jacket, and a piece of cloth like a loofe petticoat. Their behaviour is very frank, civil, and courteous. Their religion refembles that of the Gentoos; they won fhip an evil deity; have pagodas for their temples; their priests are called Talapoys, who obferve celibacy, and every morning collect the alms of the people in provifions, and employ their intereft in favour of criminals, and their hofpitality to ftrangers in diftrefs. They have alfo female Talatoys. The magiftrates are of four forts: the Moon, who prefides in council; the Reoon, fecond to him, adminiftering juftice; the Cheekaw, whofe office is not diftinguished; the Shabundar, or commercial magistrate. All public orders are made out in the name of these four principal officers under the King of Ava, who is an abfolüte monarch, and an ufurper. In regard to punishments, if a man commits a capital crime, and efcapes before he can be brought to juftice, his wife and children and nearest relations are put to death without mercy. They ufe a kind of ordeal by diving. Theft is always punished with death. A foreigner may marry a native, but cannot carry her away; and if he abfent himfelf three years, leaving her a fufficient maintenance, he may, at his return, claim her again. A debtor, unable to pay, is fold for a flave; and a woman- debts, if not difcharged before marriage by her intended husband, fubject her to be taken from him. The agriculture of Pegu is entirely confined to rice; their cloathing, to filk and cotton. They are well acquainted with the arts of thip building and navigation. Their language in general has a natal found, and abounds with compound words. They write from left to right, on the leaves of the Toddy tree, with fharp iron peos, or on Bamboo paper, with a white flone. Their music is fweet, and their inftruments ftringed. Their product and commerce confift of Teak wood, which is as hard as oak; tin; bees'-wax; gold not to be exported, any more than falt petre, nor used for money, which is filver, but for ornament; Areca nut, Cachow, and Petroleum. They have plenty of rice, the Bengal fruits, honey, poultry, and game, deer and wild logs, and fmall horles. Foreign fhips, as toon as they arrive, have their guns and rudder car ried athore; a great impediment and delay |