List of chemicals and record of their effects on ammocetes, rainbow trout, and bluegills of various low concentrations of chemicals; temperature, 55° F. These tests represent the preliminary work in a search for a means of destroying larval lampreys in streams through the addition of chemicals.

APPLEGATE, VERNON C., JOHN H. HOWELL, JAMES W. MOFFETT, B.G.H. JOHNSON, and MANNING A. SMITH.

1961. Use of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol as a selective sea lamprey larvicide. Great Lakes Fish. Comm., Tech. Rep. 1, 35 p.

Historical account of researches -bioassays, raceway tests, and experimental stream treatments--that preceded the general field use of the compound for control of the sea lamprey. Procedures and results are described for bioassays and raceway tests, and a detailed account is given of the experimental treatment of each of four Lake Superior tributaries (three in the United States and one in Canada). The relations of the biological activity of TFM to temperature and the physical and chemical characteristics of water are reviewed. APPLEGATE, VERNON C., JOHN H. HOWELL, and MANNING A. SMITH.

1958. Use of mononitrophenols containing halogens as selective sea lamprey larvicides. Science 127(3294):336-338.

Account of the screening experiments that led to the discovery of the selective toxicity that permits use of chemicals of the mononitrophenol group to destroy larval sea lampreys without significant injury to other fishes. Includes tabular presentation for six mononitrophenols of concentrations required to kill ammocetes and to inflict significant mortality on rainbow trout, brown trout, and bluegills.

APPLEGATE, VERNON C., and EVERETT L. KING, JR. 1962. Comparative toxicity of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to larval lampreys and eleven species of fishes. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 91(4):342-345.

TFM was selectively toxic toward larval lampreys in tests with rainbow trout and 10 warm-water fish species. Toxicity varied widely with the conductivity and alkalinity of the dilution waters, but selective action persisted at all levels. Smallmouth bass and other centrarchids were most tolerant of

Round whitefish averaged older (6.0 years) at Isle Royale than in the Apostle Islands (4.2 years). In both areas, nearly or fully 7 years were required for attainment of an acceptable commercial length of 14 inches. The bodyscale relation was linear with an intercept of 1.1 inches on the axis of fish length. Weight increased as the 3.22 power of the length. Youngest mature fish belonged to age-group II; all males older than the IV group and all female older than the V group were mature. Males dominated the younger age

groups, but females were more numerous in the older ones. Mean number of eggs was 5,330 for 37 females 10.5-17.4 inches long.

BAILEY, MERRYLL M.

1964. Age, growth, maturity, and sex composition of the American smelt, Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), of western Lake Superior. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 93(4):382-395.

Collections of 4,561 smelt provided information on various phases of the life history. The presence of the first annulus (sometimes lacking in slowly growing stocks) was established, and a body-scale relation was determined. Time of annulus formation extends from early or mid-June to past the middle of August. Weight increased as the 2.952 power of the length. Best annual growth in length (3.3 inches) was in the second year. Best growth in weight was in the third (0.74 ounce, males; 0.85 ounce, females). Growth of females was distinctly better than that of males beyond the third year. Shortest mature smelt of each sex were at 5.0-5.2 inches, but males are first to reach 100-percent maturity. All year-old smelt were immature. Among 2-year-olds, 40.7 percent of the males and 17.7 percent of the females were mature. Older fish of both sexes were mature. Ovaries of 10 smelt, 7.3 to 8.8 inches long, contained an average of 31,338 eggs.

BAILEY, REEVE M., vide: PAUL H. ESCHMEYER.

BEETON, ALFRED M.

1958. Relationship between Secchi disc readings and light penetration in Lake Huron. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 87:73

79.

Paired photometer and Secchi disk measurements at 18 localities in Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron proper supported views based on other evidence on movements of clear lake water into and out of the Bay. Transmission of incident light averaged 14.7 percent at Secchi disk level. Discrepancies between photometer and disk measurements were attributed to sky and sea conditions.

BEETON, ALFRED M.

1959. Photoreception in the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta Lovén. Biol. Bull. 116(2):204-216.

Mysis relicta has at least two visual pigments with absorption peaks at or

BEETON, ALFRED M.

1962. Light penetration in the Great Lakes.
In Proc. 5th Conf. Great Lakes Res.,
P. 68-76.
Univ. Mich., Inst. Sci.
Technol., Great Lakes Res. Div., Publ.

9.

Study is based on measurements of incident and subsurface light in each of the Great Lakes and in one small inland lake; at least one study was made of spectral distribution in each water. Colors that penetrated deepest were: Huron, blue; Superior and Michigan, green; Erie and Ontario, orange. Percentage penetration of incident irradiance was greatest at sunrise and sunset in Erie and Frains Lake, but at noon in Lake Michigan (no similar study in other waters).

BEETON, ALFRED M.

1963. Limnological survey of Lake Erie, 1959 and 1960. Great Lakes Fish. Comm., Tech. Rep. 6, 32 p.

Federal, Provincial, State, and university agencies made a cooperative limnological survey of central Lake Erie in September 1959 and lakewide in August 1960. Oxygen depletion was severe in bottom waters of about 70 percent of the central basin each year. Vertical temperature profiles and other physical and chemical data were collected. Factors of distribution of chemical values are discussed.

BEETON, ALFRED M., and DAVID C. CHANDLER.

1963. The St. Lawrence Great Lakes. In David G. Frey (editor), Limnology in North America, p. 535-558. Univ. Wis. Press, Madison.

A statement on the location, area, depth... and economic significance of the Great Lakes is followed by a brief review of their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and comments on the fisheries. Principal section is a history of limnological research treated by three time periods: pre1900; 1900-49; and 1950-62. Recent programs are discussed under headings: U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; U.S. Lake Survey; Great Lakes Research Division, The University of Michigan; University of Minnesota; Ontario Department of Lands and Forests; Great Lakes Institute, University of Toronto; U.S. Public Health Service; and other organizations.

BEETON, ALFRED M., and FRANK F. HOOPER.

1961. The hydrography of Saginaw Bay. [Abstract.] In Proc. 4th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 111. Univ. Mich., Inst. Sci. Technol., Great Lakes Res. Div., Publ. 7.

Items studied in three synoptic surveys in 1956 are outlined. Broad comments are given on such matters as inflow of Lake Huron water, outflow of Saginaw Bay water, and flushing rates. Certain changes of flow patterns are described.

BEETON, ALFRED M., JAMES H. JOHNSON, and STANFORD H. SMITH.

1959. Lake Superior limnological data, 1951-1957. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 297, vi + 177 p.

Contains extensive tabulations of data on temperature (bathythermograph and recording thermograph), ion concentrations and other water characteristics (O2, pH, specific conductance, total alkalinity, Ca, Mg, Na, SiO2, P, N), and plankton (wet, dry, and ash weights). Some limited discussion of possible significance of records is offered.

BEETON, MOFFETT. 1964. Lake Michigan chemical data, 195455, 1960-61. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Data Rep. 6, 3 microfiches (i + 102 p.).

ALFRED M., and JAMES W.

Tabulations of data (surface water and samples in vertical series) on determinations of Na, Ca, K, Mg, SiO2, SO4, C1, P (total), and conductivity.

BEETON, ALFRED M., vide: S. L. DANIELS, L. L. KEMPE, J. S. MARSHALL, LaRUE WELLS.

BEIL, JOSEPH, vide: WILLIAM R. DRYER.

BRAEM, ROBERT A., and WESLEY J. EBEL. 1961. A back-pack shocker for collecting lamprey ammocoetes. Progr. FishCult. 23(2):87-91.

Gives detailed instructions and diagrams for the construction and use of a lightweight (25 pounds) unit that is especially valuable for collecting in small streams.

BRYNILDSON, CLIFFORD L., vide: VERNON

C. APPLEGATE.

BUETTNER, HOWARD J.

1961. Recoveries of tagged, hatcheryreared lake trout from Lake Superior. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 90(4):404-412.

To measure possible survival benefits from longer retention in the hatchery, 13,384 hatchery-reared lake trout were tagged by four methods and planted at the ages of 18, 25, 30, and 37 months. Recoveries increased with age at planting but not enough to justify the cost of longer rearing. Rates of return were similar for fish planted in the spring and in the fall. Percentages of recovery were similar (3.9 to 4.8 percent) for lower-jaw and two types of nylonstreamer tags; the recovery rate was much higher (12.4 percent) for Petersen tags.

BUETTNER, HOWARD J., vide: RALPH HILE; STANFORD H. SMITH.

CABLE, LOUELLA E.

1950. A cheek tag for marking fish, with semi-automatic pliers for application of tag. J. Cons. 16(2):185-191.

Description of tag, composed of steel rivet and plastic disk, and of pliers designed for its application.

CABLE, LOUELLA E.

1956. Validity of age determination from scales, and growth of marked Lake Michigan lake trout. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 57:ii + p. 1-59.

The structure and growth of lake trout scales are described and illustrated by a series of photographs. The general validity of the annulus as a yearmark is established by scales of fish of known ages recovered from plantings of fin-clipped fingerlings made in Lake Michigan in 1944, 1945, and 1946. Included also are data and discussion on: growth of marked fish; factors of discrepancies of calculated growth; time of annulus formation; progress of season's growth; and length-weight relation.

CARR, IRA A.

1962. Distribution and seasonal movements of Saginaw Bay fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 417, iv + 13 p.

Shore seining and fishing with trawls and gill nets from the M/V Cisco at 21 stations took 47 of the 74 species of fish known to occur in Saginaw Bay. No new species records were obtained, but